r= 
MALLERY.] TRADE—UNION. 603 
TRADE. 
Fig. 955.—They were compelled to sell many mules and horses to en- 
able them to procure food, as they were in a starving condition. They 
willingly gave a mule for a-sack of flour. American- 
Horse’s Winter Count, 1868—69. The mule’s halter is 
connected with two sacks of flour. 
Fig. 956 is taken from Prince Maximilian, of Wied’s 
(h) Travels. The cross signifies, I will barter or trade. 
Three animals are drawn on the right hand of the cross; 
one is a buffalo (probably albino); the two others, a 
weasel (Mustela Canadensis) and an otter. The picto- 
grapher offers in exchange for the skins of these animals pic. 955._Trade. 
the articles which he has drawn on the left side of the cross. He has 
there. in the first 
place, depicted a “ys 
beaver very plain- Uy 
: : Y 
ly, behind which hy 
there is a gun; iY 
to the left of the Z 
beaver are thirty Uy 
strokes, each ten aN SF ~ 
separated bya >s 
longer line; this 
means: Iwill give uy ~~ 
thirty beaver iets 
skins and a gun for the skins of the three animals on the right hand of 
the cross. 
The ideographic character of the design consists in the use of the 
cross—being a drawing of the gesture-sign for ‘‘ trade”—the arms being 
interchanged in position. Of the two things each one is put in the 
place before occupied by the other thing, the idea of exchange. 
UNION. 
The Dakotas often express this concept by uniting two or more fig- 
ures by a distinct inclusive line below the figures. This sometimes 
means family relationship and sometimes com- 
mon membership in the same tribe. 
Fig. 957.—Antoine Janis’s two boys were killed 
by John Richard. Cloud-Shield’s Winter Count, 
1872-73. The line of union shows them to be in- 
timately connected; in fact, they were brothers. 
Fig. 958.—The Oglalas got drunk 
at Chug creek and engaged in a 
quarrel among themselves, in 
which Red-Cloud’s brother was 
killed and Red-Clond killed three 
meee eee men. Cloud-Shield’s Winter + ¥% **—Ssme tite 
Count, 1841-42. The union line shows that the quarrel was in the tribe. 
