606 PICTURE-WRITING OF THE AMERICAN INDIANS. 
The Shoshoni and Banak sign for cold, winter, is: Clinch both hands 
and cross the forearms before the breast with a trembling motion. It 
Fic. 973. Fic. 974. 
is represented in Fig. 975. Cf. Battiste Good’s Winter count for 1747- 
48 and 178384, 
In Kingsborough (g) is the painting reproduced in 
Fig. 974 with this description: “In the year of seven 
Janes and 1447 according to our calculation, it 
snowed so heavily that lives were lost.” 
in the same work and volumes, p. 146 and PI. 26, is 
the original of Fig. 975, with the explanation that: 
“Tn this year of seven Flints, or 1512, there were 
heavy falls of snow.” 
Wiener, op. cit., p. 762, gives the following deseri- FG. 975. 
ption (condensed) of Fig. 976, a remarkable example of ideography: 
This is on a cloth on which the eight fortresses of Paramonga were presented. 
Between these bridges are drawn; these forts are of three stages and on each stage 
is arepresentation of a man or of two men. The men who are down on the plain 
had clothing of another color and even another colored face from those who appear 
on the different stages. Those who are on the plain at the foot of the fortress have 
no arms, but they have highly developed ears. Thesame is true of those who appear 
on the first stage. Those of the following stage are provided with arms, and the 
ears are of normal size. On the highest platform appear individuals with arms and 
they have ears like those on the second stage. In the middle a figure is provided 
with one arm and only one developed ear, which are on opposite sides. The men 
without arms are also without weapons. ‘Those of the second stage carry at the 
height of the belt a kind of hatchet and those of the upper platform have each a club. 
Considering the character of the locality where this cloth was found, the number _ 
of forts there, the marshy land which prevented dry-shod communication between 
them, it can not be doubted that the subject matter was the representation of that 
region, but this representation is not a drawing on a plan, but is a description which 
does not only treat of the nature of the place and of the work that man raised there, 
but it also indicates the réle that the inhabitants played there. 
The function of the men with exaggerated ears and no arms was that 
of scouts. The armed men with normal ears were guards or warriors 
