630 PICTURE-WRITING OF THE AMERICAN INDIANS. 
as it gives so different an expression. If it is not used as generally as 
blue or yellow the reason is that it is seldom found in the clays which 
were formerly relied upon and therefore it required compounding. Also 
they do not use green as painting or designation for the dead, but red, 
that being their decoration for the “happy hunting ground.” But the 
color for the mourning of the survivors is black. 
Thomas L. McKenny (a) says the Chippeway men mourn by painting 
their faces black. 
The Winnebago men blacken the whole face with charcoal in mourn- 
ing. The women make a round black spot on both cheeks. 
Dr. Boas, in Am. Anthrop. (a), says of Snanaimuq, a Salish tribe: 
The face of the deceased is painted red and black. After the death of husband or 
wife the survivor must paint his legs and his blanket red. For three or four days 
he must not eat anything; then three men or women give him food, and henceforth 
he is allowed to eat. 
In Bancroft (d) it is mentioned that the Guatemalan widower dyed 
his body yellow. 
Carl Bock (b) describes the mourning solemnities in Borneo as being 
marked chiefly by white, the men and women composing the mourning 
processions being enveloped in white garments, and carrying white 
flags and weapons and ornaments, all of which were covered with white 
calico. 
A. W. Howitt (h) says of the Dieri of Central Australia: 
A messenger who is sent to convey the intelligence of a death is smeared all over 
with white clay. On his approach to the camp the women all commence screaming 
and crying most passionately. * * * Widows and widowers are prohibited by 
custom from uttering a word until the clay of mourning has worn off, however long 
it may remain on them. They do not, however, rub it off, as doing s0 would be con- 
sidered a bad omen. It must absolutely wear off of itself. During this period they 
communicate by means of gesture language. 
A. ©. Haddon (b) tells that among the western tribes of Torres strait 
plastering the body with gray mud was a sign of mourning. 
Elisée Reclus (c) says: “In sign of mourning the Papuans daub them- 
selves in white, yellow, or black, according to the tribes.” 
D’Albertis (d) reports that the women of New Guinea paint them- 
selves black all over on the death of a relation, but that there are de- 
grees of mourning among the men, e. g., the son of the deceased paints 
his whole body black, but other less related mourners may only paint 
the face more or less black. In Vol. 11, p. 9, a differentiation is shown, 
by which in one locality the women daubed themselves from head to 
foot with mud. The same author says, in the same volume, p. 378, 
that the skulls preserved in their houses are always colored red and- 
their foreheads frequently marked with some rough design. 
In Armenia, as told in The Devil Worshipers of Armenia, in Scot- 
tish Geog. Mag., vi11, p. 592, widows dress in white. 
In Notes in East Equatorial Africa, Bull. Soc. d@’Anthrop. de Brux. 
(b), it is told that in the region mentioned the women rub flour over 
their bodies on the death or departure of the husband. 
