MALLERY.] WAR AND PEACE COLORS. 631 
Sir G. Wilkinson («) writes that the ancient Egyptians in their mourn- 
ing ceremonies wore white fillets, and describes the same use of the 
color white in the funeral processions painted on the walls of Thebes. 
Dr. S. Wells Williams (a) reports of the Chinese mourning colors 
that ‘‘the mourners are dressed entirely in white or wear a white fillet 
around the head. In the southern districts halfmourning is blue, 
usually exhibited in a pair of blue shoes and a blue silken cord woven 
in the queue, instead of a red one; in the northern provinces white is 
the only mourning color seen.” 
Herr von Brandt, in the Ainos and Japanese, Journal of the An- 
throp. Inst. G. B. and L. (e), tells that the coffins of the deceased Mikados 
were covered with red, that is, with cinnabar. 
COLORS FOR WAR AND PEACE. 
These colors, respecting the Algonquian Indians, are mentioned in 
1763, as published in Margry, to the effect that red feathers on the 
pipe signify war, and that other colors [each of which may have a 
modifying or special significance] mean peace. 
W. W. H. Davis ()) recounts that “in 1680 the Rio Grande Pueblos in- 
formed the Spanish officers that they had brought with them two 
crosses, one painted red, which signified war, and the other white, which 
indicated peace, and they might take their choice between the two.” 
Capt. de Lamothe Cadillac (b), writing in the year 1696 of the Al- 
gonquians of the Great Lake region near Mackinac, etc., describes 
their decorations for war as follows: 
On the day of departure the warriors dress in their best. They color their hair 
red; they paint their faces red and black with much skill and taste, as well as the 
whole of their bodies. Some have headdresses with the tail feathers of eagles or 
other birds; others have them decorated with the teeth of wild beasts, such as the 
wolf or tiger [wild cat]. Several adorn their heads, in lieu of hats, with helmets 
bearing the horns of deer, roebuck, or buffalo. 
Schoolezatt (r) says that blue signifies peace among the Indians of 
the Pueblo of Tesuque. 
The Dakota bands lately at Grand river agency had the practice of 
painting the face red from the eyes down to the chin when going to war. 
The Absaroka or Crow Indians generally paint the forehead red 
when on the warpath. This distinction of the Crows is also noted by 
the Dakota in recording pictographic narratives of encounters with the 
Crows. 
Haywood (e) says of the Cherokees: 
When going to war their hair is combed and annointed with bear’s grease and the 
red root, Sanguinaria canadensis, and they adorn it with feathers of various beautiful 
colors, besides copper and iron rings, and sometimes wampum or peak in the ears; 
and they paint their faces all over as red as vermilion, making a circle of black about 
one eye and another circle of white about the other. 
H. H. Bancroft (e) tells that when a Modoe warrior paints his face 
black before going into battle it means victory or death, and that he ¢ 
