652 PICTURE-WRITING OF THE AMERICAN INDIANS. 
the man with stripes on his arm, The two arrows shot in opposite 
directions form one of the conventional symbols for war. 
Fig. 1021 is taken from the Winter Count of Bat- 
tiste Good for the year 1840-41. He names it ‘‘Came- 
and-killed-five-of- Little-Thunder’s- brothers winter.” 
He explains that the five were killed in an encounter 
with the Pawnees. The capote or headdress, always 
but not exclusively worn by Dakota war parties, is 
shown, and is the special symbol of war as also given 
in several other places in the same record. The five 
short vertical lines below the arrow signify that five 
were killed. { 
Fig. 1022.—War-Eagle. Red-Cloud’s Cen- 
sus. This figure shows a highly abbreviated conventional sym- 
bol. The pipe used in the ceremonial manner explained on 
page 539 et seq. means war and not peace, and the single eagle 
feather stands for the entire bird often called the war-eagle. — Fic. 1022. 
The adoption of a mat or mattress as an emblem of war or a military 
expedition is discussed and illustrated, supra, p. 553, Fig. 782. 
In the Jesuit Relation for 1606, p. 51, it is narrated that “The Huron 
and Northern Algonkin chiefs, when their respective war parties met 
the enemy, distributed among their warriors rods which they carried 
for the purpose, and the warriors stuck them in the earth as a token 
that they would not retreat any more than the rods would.” 
In their pictographs the rods became represented by strokes which 
were not only numerical, but signified warriors. 
Fic. 1021. 
CHIEF. 
Fig. 1023.—Naca-haksila, Chiet-Boy. From the Og- 
lala Roster. The large pipe held forward with the out- 
stretched hand is among the Oglalas the conventional 
device for chief. This isexplained elsewhere by the cere- 
monies attendant on the raising of war parties, in which 
the pipe is conspicuous. That the human figureis a boy 
is indicated by the shortness of the hair and the legs. 
Fig. 1024, drawn by a Passamaquoddy Indian, shows 
the manner of representing a war chief by that tribe: oa: 
It signifies a chief with 300 braves. The relative mag- “*° "y2—-Chet 
nitude of the leading human figure indicates his rank. In this par- 
ticular compare Figs. 137, 138, and 142. The device is common in the 
yy Egyptian glyphs. ; 
Dr. Worsnop, op. cit., makes the fol- 
lowing remarks about a similar device 
in Australia: 
lA At Chasm island, in the Gulf of Carpentaria, 
| indenting Australia, the third person of a file 
KS of thirty-two painted on the rock was twice 
Fi. 1024.—War Chief. Passamaquoddy. the height of the others, and held in his hand 
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