MALLERY. | SYMBOLS FOR COUNCIL. 653 
something resembling the waddy, or wooden sword, of the natives of Port Jackson, 
and was probably intended to represent a chief. They could not as with us, indi- 
cate superiority by clothing or ornament, since they wear none of any kind, and 
therefore, with the addition of a weapon similar to the ancients, they seem to have 
made superiority of persons the principal emblem of superior power, of which, indeed 
power is usually a consequence in the very early stages of society. 
The exhibition of horns as a part of the head dress, or pictorially 
displayed as growing from the head, is generally among the tribes of 
Indians an emblem of power or chieftancy. It is distinctly so asserted 
by Schooleraft, vol. 1, p. 409, as regards the Ojibwa, and by Lafitau, 
vol. 11, 21, both authors presenting illustrations. The same concept was 
ancient and general in the eastern hemisphere. The images of gods 
and heads of kings were thus adorned, as at a later day were the crests 
of the dukes of Brittany. Some writers have suggested that this symbols 
was taken from the crescent moon, others that it referred to the vigor 
of the bull. Col. Marshall (a), however, gives an instance of special 
derivation. He says that the Todas, when idle, involuntarily twist 
and split branches of twigs and pieces of cane into the likeness of 
buffalo horns, because they dream of buffalo, live on and by it, and 
their whole religion is based on the care of the cow. 
e 
COUNCIL. 
Fig. 1025 is taken from the Winter Count of Battiste Good for the 
year 185152. In that year the first 
issue of goods was made to the Da- te, 
kotas, and the character represents —; 
a blanket surrounded by a cirele to 
show how the Indians sat awaiting 
, 
7 ; \ 
Me yey pir! 
MUU Nese 
FiG. 1025. the distribution. The people are 
represented by small lines running at right angles to the R 
circle. he o 
Fig. 1026.—Th2e-Good-White-Man returned and gave Fic. 1026. 
guns tothe Dakotas. American-Horse’s Winter Count, 1799-1800. The 
circleofmarksrepresents 
andl 
yea, - the people sitting around 
s Z him, the flint-lock musket 
= 5) the ouns: 5 
= = Fig. 1027.—Council at 5 
x Fa Spotted-Tail agency. 2, 
\ The-Flame’s Winter 
Count, 187576. Here 
the circle composed of 
FECES MOL short lines pointing to 
the center takes the conventional form frequently 
used to designate a council. 
Fig. 1028.—Surrounds-them. Red-Cloud’s Census. 
This figure is introduced in this place to show the Fi. 1028 
