CHAPTER XX. 
SPECIAL COMPARISONS. 
The utility of the present work depends mainly upon the oppor- 
tunity given by the various notes and illustrations collected for stu- 
dents to make their own comparisons and deductions. This chap- 
ter is intended to assist in that study by presenting some groups of 
comparisons which have seemed to possess special interest. For that 
reason descriptions and illustrations are collected here which logically 
belong to other headings. 
Many of the pictographs discussed and illustrated in this chapter 
and in the one following are the representation of animals and other 
natural objects. It would therefore seem that they could be easily 
identified, but in fact the modes of representation of the same object 
among the several peoples differed, and when conventionalizing has 
also become a factor the objects may not be recognized without knowl- 
edge of the typical style. Sometimes there was apparently no attempt 
at the imitation of natural objects, but marks were used, such as points, 
lines, circles, and other geometric forms. These were combined in 
diverse modes to express concepts aud record events. Those marks 
and combinations originated in many centers and excépt in rare 
instances of “natural” ideograms those of one people would not cor- 
respond with those of other peoples unless by conveyance or imitation. 
Typical styles therefore appear also in this class of pictographs and, 
when established, all typical styles afford some indication with regard to 
the peoples using them. 
This chapter is divided under the headings of: 1. Typical Style. 
2. Homomorplis and Symmorphs. 3. Composite forms. 4, Artistic skill 
and methods, 
SECTION 1. 
TYPICAL STYLE. 
Fig. 1088 is presented as a type of eastern Algonquian petroglyphs. 
It is a copy of the Hamilton picture rock,” contributed by Mr. J. Sut- 
ton Wall, of Monongahela city, Pennsylvania. The drawings are on 
a sandstone rock, on the Hamilton farm, 6 miles southeast from Mor- 
gantown, West Virginia. The turnpike passes over the south edge of 
the rock. 
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