MALLERY. ] HAND. fal 
being made by theeye. The eyes themselves are given different shapes, 
according to the different animals represented, being now large and 
round, now oblong and with pointed angles. These peculiarities, which 
have become conventional, are retained when the eye is represented 
alone, so that by this method it may still be easy to recognize which 
animal—for example, a raven or a bear, is intended to be portrayed. 
The left-hand character in Fig. 1175, from Champouion (g), is the 
Egyptian character for a human face. The pre 
dominance of the ears probably has some special 
significance. ee 
Schooleraft (w) gives the right-hand character  yy6. 1175.—Human heads. 
of the same figure as a man’s head, with ears open to conviction, as 
made by the Ojibwa. 
Both of these may be compared with the exaggerated ears in Fig. 1167 
HAND. 
The impression, real or represented, of a human hand is used in sey- 
eral regions in the world with symbolic significance. 
Among the North American Indians the mark so readily applied is 
of frequent occurrence, with an ascertained significance, which, how- 
ever, differs in several tribes. 
Fig. 1176, taken from Copway (b), represents the hand, and also ex- 
presses “did so.” This signification of “do,” or action, 
and hence “power,” is also given to the same character 
in the Egyptian and Chinese ideograms. ( 
Among several Indian tribes a black hand on a gal _ ye, 1176—Hand. 
ment or ornament means “the wearer of this has killed Ojibwa. 
anenemy.” The decoration appears upon Ojibwa bead belts, and the 
Hidatsa and Arikara state that it is an old custom of showing bravery. 
The character was noticed at Fort Berthold, and the belt bearing it had 
been received from Ojibwa Indians of northern Minnesota. The mark of 
a black hand drawn of natural size or less, and sometimes made by the 
impress of an actually blackened palm, was also noticed, with the same 
significance, on articles among the Hidatsa and Arikara in 1881, 
Schoolcraft (7) says of the Dakota on the St. Peters river that a red 
hand indicates that the wearer has been wounded by his enemy, and a 
black hand that he has slain his enemy. 
Irving (b) remarks, in Astoria, of the Arikara warriors: “Some had 
the stamp of a red hand across their mouths, a sign that they had 
drunk the life-blood of a foe.” 
In other parts of the present paper the significance of the mark is 
mentioned and may be briefly summarized here. 
Among the Sioux a red hand painted on a warrior’s blanket or robe 
means that he has been wounded by the enemy, and a black hand that 
