No. I.] THE CRANIAL NERVES OF AMPHIBIA. 1 63 



bularis. (II) after giving off the {a) R. alveolaris, termination 

 not stated, divides into (b) a branch accompanying the R. 

 hyoideo-mandibularis, cutaneous, and a {c) cutaneous branch 

 along the outer side of the lower jaw. (Ill) receives the com- 

 municating branch from the IX and supplies the M. depressor 

 maxillae inferioris, M. intermaxillaris posterior and skin of 

 the lower jaw. 



The following criticisms may be offered upon these results: 

 Their " accessory ganglion " evidently corresponds to the lateral 

 ganglion above the Gasserian ganglion, from which proceed 

 the R. ophthalmicus superficialis VII and R. buccalis VII. So 

 R. frontalis = R. ophthalmicus superficialis, and R. supra- 

 maxillaris sup. == R. buccalis, excluding any trigeminal elements 

 that may be fused with them. The communicating branch 

 between the latter and the R. palatinus VII, should be between 

 the R. maxillaris V and the R. palatinus. As the R. max. V 

 seems to be reduced or absent ( = their R. supramax. inf. .?) 

 and their R. supramax. sup. contains trigeminal elements (from 

 their principal ganglion), this discrepancy may be more ap- 

 parent than real. In Wiedersheim's Grnndriss this connection 

 is in one place, by some error, spoken of as between the R. 

 palatinus and R, ophthalmicus profundus. 



It is obvious that the branch named R. buccalis by von 

 Plessen and Rabinovicz is misnamed. The branch so named by 

 them corresponds to the R. mandibularis externus (= Fischer's 

 R. mentalis, which they have overlooked in his description, or 

 confused with the V proper), and is derived from the ventral 

 division of the lateral root ( ^ their R. communicans c. n. faciali). 



The connection between this system of nerves, i.e., R. oph- 

 thalmicus superficialis VII (R. frontalis), R. buccalis (R. supra- 

 maxillaris), and R. mandibularis externus (R. buccalis), and 

 the lateral line system, seems to have been entirely overlooked 

 by the above authors, probably for the reason, above mentioned, 

 that these organs do not form definite lines in many Urodela, 

 but are more scattered. Their homology of the R. hyoideo- 

 mandibularis with Fischer's R. jugularis is correct. 



These authors have also overlooked the motor and fasciculus 

 communis roots of the VII, owing to their close adhesion to 



