28 
brosus and aurulenta, Eumenes curvata and fulvipennis, Zethus 
cyanopterus, Rygchium atrum and Scolia, near procer, and Liacos 
analis. The small border-plant, Alternanthera versicolor Regel, 
(Amarantaceae) attracted Scolia manilae Ashm. and others. 
Compositae such as Solidago and many Umbelliferae yield good 
wasp catches in temperate regions. The sweet-potato vine /po- 
moea batatas (Convolvulaceae) has the petioles of its leaves 
provided with nectar glands which furnish food for flies, bees, 
wasps and other insects. In Kansas, I have seen the stems of 
the sunflower, Helianthus, that had been pierced by a_ small 
lepidepterous larva attract many Hymenoptera by the exuding 
sap. This was also the case with willow trees which exuded a 
liquid where punctured by the borings of beetles. Bridwell 
has observed Hymenoptera in California pierce with their 
mandibles the base of the glandular spines on the stems of 
sunflowers (H. annuus) and draw nourishment therefrom. Veg- 
etation attacked by leaf-hoppers, plant lice, mealy bugs, lantern 
flies, etc., frequently becomes plentifully sprinkled with honey 
dew. Such foliage later becomes blackened by a fungus growth 
and is the favorite rendezvous for numerous insects—flies, 
beetles, ants, wasps, etc., and an entomologist may reap a harvest 
there. 
When a wasp overcomes a victim destined to serve as food 
for her young, she may first help herself, feeding at its mouth 
juices and perhaps also at the sting wounds. The bee- catching 
wasps (Philanthus) appreciate the honey which they force out 
of their prey’s crop, and the little bethylid wasp (Holepyris 
hawatiensis) gorges itself with the juices which she extracts from 
her caterpillar prey by piercing with her mandibles, the base of 
one of its thoracic legs. The Pseudageniae or leg-amputators no 
doubt derive some nourishment from the leg stumps of their 
spider victims. 
Roubaud (1916) has observed that the larvae of the social 
wasps Jcaria, Belonogaster and Polistes exude upon stimulation 
by the male or female wasp, a salivary fluid which the wasp 
laps up. 
THE Foop-oF Wasp LARVAE. 
Wasps as a rule provide food of animal nature for their 
grubs; each group is usually addicted to a certain kind of 
prey—this may consist of spiders, beetles, grasshoppers, cicadas 
roaches, bugs, bees, flies, moths, skipper butterflies, caterpillars, 
etc. Sometimes the food is served in the living (paralyzed) and 
sometimes in the dead state. The insect or spider captured may 
often be much larger than its captor and may put up a stiff 
