when feeding, deeply segmented and possessed of more or less 
activity. 
iia Rupa. 
The next change comes with the final moult of the larva, the 
result being the pupa. Before shedding its skin the larva grad- 
ually acquires a slightly different form; the thorax becomes dif- 
ferentiated in assuming a smoother, cone-like shape, and pupal 
appendages may be discerned dimly outlined beneath the skin, 
which, like a tight-fitting garment, bursts at the back of the thorax 
and gradually slips down, exposing the forming pupa. This is 
especially delicate in the Sphecidae, Psammocharidae, ete., but 
less so in the potter wasps or Eumeninae. The appendages— 
legs, wings, antennae, etc.—are free, i. e., not fused flatly into 
the body, as in the moths and butterflies. The pupa is shaped 
much like the adult w asp, though it may be considerably bent or 
doubled up upon itself (Eumenes, Zethus, Stenogaster) and 
adorned with spines or tubercles. This stage is of comparatively 
brief duration—two weeks, more or less. The pupa, at first 
whitish, darkens with age into the color of the adult wasp. In 
due time its thin envelope ruptures, and through the insect’s 
motions 1s gradually worked back to the end of the body, until 
the wasp is entirely free from it. The wings grow almost visibly 
as they leave the pupal sheath, so also with the other appen- 
dages. It remains within the cocoon and cell until sufficiently 
hardened and strong, when, with the aid of its jaws and some- 
times a little mouth liquid, it soon cuts its way out and emerges 
an active and independent wasp. As in bees, it seems that the 
males are first to emerge and they soon busy themselves with find- 
ing the females. Thus male Scoliidae, Odyneri and others may be 
observed awaiting in their breeding grounds the appearance of 
the females. 
The life cycle of wasps for the summer brood or broods may 
be estimated as about from twenty-five to forty days. The adult 
wasps, even in the solitary species, may live for sev eral months. 
They do not always go about nest-building immedaitely, but first 
enjoy sunshine and flowers before commencing their arduous task. 
THE Foop oF ApuLT WaASsps. 
Here flower products predominate. In the Philippines, Premmna 
odorata Blanco, a wide-spreading verbenaceous tree with flat in- 
florescences, often beyond reach of the net attracted very diverse 
insects—among the wasps were Tachytes banoensis, Chlorion um- 

