QUADRUMANA. 59 



the larynx under the thyroid cartilage, and which fills with air when they ciy out. Their tail is 

 pendent, and takes no part in their movements ; [it varies in length from a tubercle to longer than the 

 body.] They produce early, but are not completely adult for four or five years. The period of gesta- 

 tion is seven months ; during the rutting season the external generative organs of the female become 

 excessively distended [as in the Baboons]. Most of them [all] inhabit India [and its Archipelago. 



At least seven species have been ascertained, the most remarkable of which is] 



The JIaned Macaque or Wanderoo {Sim. Silenus and leonbia, Lin.)— Black, with an ash-coloured mane and 

 whitish beard surrounding- the head. [Tail moderately long, and slightly tufted.] Inhabits Ceylon. 



[Tlie Bonneted Macaque (M. shiicus), and the Toque (M. radiaius), have the hairs on the top of the head dis- 

 posed as radii ; these, with the Hare-lipped M. (M. cymmolgus), have long- tails. In the Pig-tailed Macaque 

 (M. rhesus), this appendage reaches little below the hamstrings : it is shorter, thin, and wi-inkled in the Brown 

 Macaque (M. nemestrinus) ; and in the Black M. (M. niger, Ben. ; Cynoceplmlus niger, Desm., and of Cuvier's 

 last edition), it is reduced to a mere tubercle. The Black Macaque is wholly of that colour, with an erect tuft of 

 hair on the top of its head ; its native country Celebes.] 



The Magots {Iniius, Cuv.) 

 Mere Macaques, -wliich have a small tubercle in place of a tail. [According to this definition, the 

 last-named species should be introduced here : the only known Magot, however, does not well range 

 with the others ; its cranium is intermediate to those of the Macaci and Cynoeephali]. 



The Barbary Mugot (Sim. sglvanus, pithecits, and inuits, hin.) — Completely covered with greenish-brown hair. 

 Of all the tribe, this suifers least in our climates. Originally from Barbary, it is said to have become naturahzed 

 on the Rock of Gibraltar.-* [This well-known species, in its wild state, is both lively and remarkably intelligent 

 at all ages ; but, subjected to the restraint of captivity, becomes sullen and unmanageable as it grows up ; forcibly 

 illustrating what has been stated in a note to the Ourangs.] 



The Baboons {Ci/nocephalus, Cuv.), — 

 Together with the teeth, cheek-pouches, and callosities of the preceding, have an elongated muzzle 

 abruptly truncate at the end, where the nostrils are pierced, which gives it a greater rcscnnblance to that 

 of a Dog than of other Monkeys ; their tail varies in length. They are generally large, ferocious, and 

 dangerous animals, of which the majority [all of them] inhabit Africa. 



[Some have the tail long and tufted, as the Gclada Baboon (Macacus gelada of Ruppell).— This has the upper 

 parts covered with very long hair, of a pale brown on the head, shoulders, and rump, blackish on the back ; a 

 dark medial line extends backwards from the forehead ; the extremities are black. A native of Abyssinia. 



The others have the hair grizzled or annulated. Such are the Tartarin Baboon (Sim. hamadrgas, Lin.), of a 

 slightly bluish ash-colour (grizzled black and white) ; face flesh-coloured : inhabits Arabia and Ethiopia. The 

 Chacma B. (Sim. porcaria, Bodd. ; S. ursina, Penn ; S. sphgngiola, Herm.), which is black, with a yellowish or 

 greenish glaze, particularly on the forehead ; the face and hands black, and the adult has a large mane. From tli'j 

 Cape of Good Hope. The Anubis B. (C. amibis, F. Cuv.), is another huge Cape species, uniformly grizzled black 

 and yellow ; the face black, and snout much elongated. The Sphynx B. (Sim. sphgnx, Lin., and it would appear 

 from descriptions, also, C. papio, Desm.), is likewise yellowish, more or less tinged with brown ; face black ; the 

 cheek-tufts fulvous : inhabits Guinea. Lastly, the Babouin (Sim. cgnoceplialus, F. Cuv.), has a shorter tail, 

 and coat more inclining to greenish ; also wliitish cheek-tufts, and flesh-coloured visage.] 



The Mandrills — 



Are, of all the Monkey tribe, those which have the longest muzzle (thirty degrees t) ; their tail is very short ; they 

 are also extremely brutal and ferocious ; nose as in the others. 



The Mandrill Baboon (Sim. maimoii and mormon, Lin.) — Greyish brown, inclining to olive above ; a small 

 citron-yellow beard on the chin ; cheeks blue and furrowed. The adult males have the nose red, particularly at 

 the end, where it is scarlet ; the genital parts and those about the anus, are of the same colour ; the buttocks are 

 of a fine violet. It is diflicult to imagine a more hideous and extraordinary animal. It nearly attains the size of 

 a Man, and is a terror to the negroes of Guinea. Many details of its history have been mixed up with that of the 

 Chimpanzee, and consequently with that of the Ourang-outang. 



The Drill (Sim. leucopluea, F. Cuv.)— Yellowish grey, the visage black ; in old ones the coat becomes darker ; 

 [the white hairs on the belly are much elongated], and the chin is bright red. 



[Hideous as the animals of this genus appear, .and disgustingly deformed to those who have only seen them in 

 captivity, their adaptation to a peculiar mode of life is of course as exquisite as that of any other animal, and 

 requires only to be understood to command an amount of admiration, which must lessen to a considerable 



Pithecus is the Greek name for Monkeys in general ; and tlic one , species, all that Galen has stated respectill ; the anatoTuy of his 



of wh 



IS iiie ureeK iDiiiie lor luoniveys m geiierm j uiiu kii., unt^ . n|.t._....i, ».. bitub vjuii^ii uas skuLew ies[jt;eLi 



; anatomy is given by Galen was a Magot, although Pithevm. 



flit it was an Ouraiiifoutang. M. de lilainville pirecivcd \ t 'rhe Ourangs will boar comparison.— Ed 



■ tnoug 



istuKe, iiml 1 li.'ive proved it by comiiaring with tlie 



