ACCIPITRES. 167 



exceedingly docile Birds, and are those which are most generally employed in falconry, being taught 

 to pursue game, and to return when called. 



The Pereo^rine Faicon (F. communis, Gm. ; [F. peregrinus, Lin.;. — Apparently a cluster of indefinitely distin- 

 guishable species, g-enerally diffused in temperate climates, both northward and southward of the equator]. The 

 species mostly trained for purposes of falconry. 



[There are numerous others, of which the Jer Falcon, the Lanuer, — which is intermediate to the Jer and 

 Peregrine Falcons,— the Hobby, the Red-legged, and the Merlin Falcons, inhabit northern Europe. The Red- 

 legged Falcon is remarkable for sometimes breeding in society. F. concolor and some others have the 

 tarsi elongated : and in F. asalon (the Merlin), and some allied species, the third quill-feather equals and 

 sometimes e-\ceeds the second ; these last are also somewhat Hawk-like in the structure of their feet, and in 

 their manners. The division of Kestrel-falcons (termed Cerclineis by Boie) comprehends Birds of weaker 

 structure, which have the sternum proportionally smaller ; in some the front of the tarsi is scutellated, as in 

 the short-winged Hawks : the Kestrel-Falcons prey chiefly on field-mice, which they discern as they hover 

 stationary at a moderate altitude, with the head invariably turned towards the wind ; it is thus that they have 

 obtained the names of Wind-hover and of Stand-gall or " stand-gale:" there are several species, two only of 

 which inhabit Europe — the common Kestrel (F. tinnwiculus, Lin.), and the White-clawed Kestrel (F, cenchris, 

 Frisch. and Naum ; J^. tinnuneuloides, Tem.). 



The division Uierofalco, Cuv., was instituted by mistake, for the reception of the Jer Falcon, under the suppo- 

 sition that its beak had only a festoon, as in the short-winged Hawks ; the tooth of these Birds being sometimes 

 cut away by the falconers. Gawpsoiv/x, Vigors, however, fulfils nearly the conditions which were assigned to 

 Hiero/alco ; the upper mandible being devoid even of emargination, and considerably resembling that of the 

 Buzzards : the head is small, feet and tarsi robust, the latter feathered half-way from the joint; wings the same 

 as in Falco : one species only is known, a bird of small size from Brazil (G. Sivaiiisonii, Vig.). 



Other species (the lerax, Vigors), of very small size, have the second and third quill-feathers nearly equal; the 

 upper mandible strongly and sharply bidentated, by the further developement of a sinuation visible in the rest. 

 Two species are known, from Java and Manilla respectively, (F. carulescens, Edwards, and /. erythrogenys, 

 Vig.) — Tliey are scarcely larger than a Swallow, but yield to none in energy and spirit : their wings, however, are 

 less firm than in other Falcons. 



There are some bideutate species, which in other respects accord more nearly with the Goshawks : 

 they are 



The Harpagons {Harpagus, Vig. ; Bidens, Spix), — 



Which present an acute bidentation of both mandibles, and have liitherto been found only in South 

 America. 



The best known species (F. bidentatus, Latham) is figured in the adult state by SpLx as Bidens rufiventer, and 

 in immature plumage as B. albiventer. 



Others more nearly approximate the Perns, as 



The Falcoperns {Lepidogenys, Gould), — 

 The wings of which are remarkably long, having the third quill longest ; feet very short, and the talons 

 small and but slightly curved : the bidentation is less strongly marked than in the preceding. 



F. lophotes, Tem., an elegantly-crested bird from India, and another from Australia— i. subcristaius, Gould, 

 pertain to this division. Nearly allied would seem to be the Aviceda, Swains., from Western Africa ; except that 

 its ai-mature is considerably more powerful.] The Baza of Hodgson is probably identical with Lepidogewjs. 



The second section of the great genus Falco is that of the Birds of prey termed Ignoble, because they 

 cannot be so well employed in falconry ; a tribe much more numerous than that of the Nobles, and 

 which it is necessary to subdivide considerably. Their longest quill-feather is almost always the fourth, 

 the first being very short, which has the same effect as if the tip of the wing had been obhquely cut 

 off; hence, cceteris paribus, result diminished powers of flight. Their beak, also, is not so well armed, 

 as there is no lateral tooth near its point, but only a shght festoon about the middle of its length. 



The Eagles {Aqidla, Brissou), — 

 Which form the first tribe, have a very strong beak, straight at its base, and curved only towards the 

 point. Among them we find the largest species of the genus, and the most powerful of all the 

 Birds of prey. 



The Eagles, properly so called {Aquila, Cuv.) — 



Have the tarsi feathered down to the base of the toes : they inhabit mountains, and pursue Birds and 

 Quadrupeds ; their wings are as long as the tail, their flight both elevated and rapid, and their courage 

 superior to that of most other Birds. 



