PULMONARIA. 465 



THE SECOND FAMILY OF THE PULMONARY ARACHNIDA,— 

 The Pedipalpi, — 

 Possesses very large palpi in the shape of extended arms, terminated by a pincer or claw. The 

 chelicerse, or external pincers, have two fingers, one of which is moveable. The abdomen is 

 composed of very distinct segments, without spinnerets at the tip ; and the sexual organs are 

 placed at the base of the belly. The entire body is clothed in a hard skin. The thorax is 

 composed of a single piece, and exhibits, near each of its anterior angles, three or two eyelets, 

 approximating or grouped together ; and near the middle of its anterior extremity, or poste- 

 riorly, but in the medial line, two other eyelets, also close together. The nixmber of pulmo- 

 nary sacs is four or eight. 



Some (which form the genus Tarantula*, Fabr.) have the abdomen attached to the thorax by a 

 peduncle, or by a portion of the transverse diameter, without comb-Hke plates at its base beneath, or a 

 sting at its extremity. The spiracles, four in number, are situated near the base of the belly, and 

 covered by a plate. The chelicerse (mandibles of authors) are clawed, or merely terminated by a move- 

 able hook. The tongue is elongated, very narrow, and hidden. They have only a pair of maxillae, 

 formed of the basal part of the palpi. All of these have eight eyes, of which three, on each side, near 

 the anterior angles, are arranged in a triangle; and two near the middle, upon the front margin, placed 

 upon a common tubercle, or upon a small eminence, one on each side. The palpi are spinose. The 

 tarsi of the two fore-legs differ from the others: they are composed of many joints, and resemble threads, 

 without a terminal hook. These Arachnida inhabit only the hottest parts of Asia and America. We are 

 unacquainted with their habits. They now constitute two genera. 



Phrynvs, Oliv., has the palpi terminated by a spined hook ; the body very flat ; the 

 thorax large, nearly crescent-shaped ; the abdomen destitute of a tail ; and the two 

 anterior tarsi exceedingly long- and slender, resembling thread-shaped antennce. 

 Phalangium reniforme, Linn., Herbst. East Indies. Tarantula reni/ormis, Fabr. 

 Antilles, &c. 



Thelyphonus, Latr., is distinguished from Phrynus by the very short, thick palpi, 

 terminated by a claw formed of two fingers. The body is long ; thorax oval ; and the 

 tip of the abdomen is furnished with a long articulated seta, forming a tail. The two 

 anterior tarsi are very short, with but few joints. Phalanghan caudatum, Linn. Java. 

 South America produces another species, described and figured in the Jotirn. de Phi/s. 

 et d'Hut. Nat., 1777, which the inhabitants of Martinique call the " Vinaigrier." A 

 Fig. 31.— Phrynus reniformis, third smaller species inhabits the Gangetic Delta. 



"*■* ■ [M. Lucas has lately published a valuable monograph upon Thelj'phonus, with 



figures, in Gu^rin's Magasin de Zoologie, containing six species, the largest of which (7*. giganteun) is two inches 

 and a half long, and inhabits Mexico.] 



The other Pedipalpi have the abdomen intimately connected with the thorax, throughout its entire 

 width, presenting, at the base beneath, two moveable comb-like plates, and terminated by a knotted 

 tail, armed witli a sting at its extremity. The spiracles are eight in number, exposed, and arranged 

 four and four on each side, along the abdomen. The chelicerae are terminated by two fingers, the outer 

 one being moveable. They form the genus 



Scorpio, Linn., Fabr. 



These have the body long, and suddenly terminated by a long, slender tail, composed of six knots, the last of 

 which terminates in a curved and very acute point or sting, beneath the extremity of which are two small orifices, 

 by which a venomous fluid is discharged, contained in an internal reservoir. The thorax is oblong, and generally 

 furnished with a longitudinal, central, compressed line, having on each side, near its anterior extremity, three or 

 two ocelli, forming a curved line ; and near the middle of the back are two other ocelli, approximated together. 

 The palpi are very large, with a forceps-like claw at the tip : the basal joint forms a concave and rounded maxilla. 

 At the base of the four fore-legs is a triangular appendage; and these pieces form, by their approximation, a kind 

 of lip with four divisions, the two lateral ones being considered as niaxill;e, and the two others as fonning the 

 tongue. The abdomen is composed of twelve joints, including the tail : the basal joint is divided into two parts, 

 the anterior bearing the sexual organs, and the posterior the two combs, the number of the teeth of which varies 

 according to the species, and even with the age of the individual, and of which the use has not yet been deter- 



* [As there is grest possibility of confounding this ffenus with the famed T«rentula, described above, amongst the Spiders, it would have 

 been better to have rejected it entirely, as it is an evident uiisnumer.j 



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