MYRIAPODA. 485 



head. These animals are terrestrial, and uve under stones in hilly places. Iidus ovalis, Linn. ; 

 Glomeris marginata, Leach. 

 [Fam. 2.— lULiD^, Westw., or the Angtiiformes of Latr., Cours.} 



Ileitis proper, Linn., has the body cylindric and very long; they roll themselves up spirally, without 

 any prominent edge or rim at the sides of the segments. The larger species live on the ground, par- 

 ticularly in sandy places and woods, and emit a disagreeable scent. Tlie smaller ones feed upon fruits 

 and the leaves and roots of esculent vegetables ; others are found under the bark of trees, in moss, &c. 

 /. maximum, Linn., a native of South America, reaches seven inches in length. lulus sabulosus, Linn. 

 (fasciatus, DeGeer), about sixteen lines long, blackish-brown, with two reddish lines down the back; 

 Fif. «.— Gio- ^"''y ^^'t** fifty-four segments, the penultimate pointed,— Europe; and other species described by Savi 

 nieris mar- and Leach (Zoul. Misc.) 



Polydesmus, Latr., resembles lulus in its linear form and habit of rolling itself in a coil, but the 

 segments are compressed at the sides beneath, with a produced margin. Found under stones in damp places. 

 /. complanatits, Fabr., and others. 



The species with distinct eyes form Leach's gennsCraspedosoina, and appear to be proper to England, not having 

 been noticed by any prior author. 



[Fam. 3.— PoLLYXENiDyE, Westw., or the Penicillata of Latr., Cours.']— Pollyxemts, Latr.— Has the body mem- 

 branous, very soft, and terminated by pencils of small scales. The antennae are of equal thickness throughout. 

 f^col. lagura, Lin., very minute : it has twelve pairs of legs, placed on the same number of semisegraents. Found 

 in crevices of walls and under old bark. 



[Dr. Leach has given an excellent monograph of the British species of this family or order, in the third voume 

 of the Zoological Miscellany, illustrated by figures. M. Brandt has more recently given a distribution of the tribe, 

 in the Bulletin Soc. Imper. Naturalistes de Moscou, torn vi., 1833, dividing them into three sections, — a, Penia- 

 zonia {a, Glomeridea, genus Glomeris, 11 species; b, Sphaerotheria, gen. SphaLi-otherium, 5 species; and 

 Sphaeropiajus, 2 species); b, Trizonia, (a, Julidea, gen. lulus, 13 species; and Spirobolus, 2 species; b, Spiro- 

 streptidea (gen. Spirostreptus, 2 species ; SpiropKUs, 1 species ; Spirocyclistus, 1 species) ; 3, Monozonia (gen. 

 Strongylosoma, 1 species; Craspedosoma, 2 species; Polydesmus, 6 species ; also, probably, Pollyxenus, Latr., 

 and Callipus, Risso). Gray, in Griffith's translation of the Regne Animal; Perty, in the Delectus Animal. Articul. 

 Brasilia;, and Gu^rin, in the Iconographie of the Rcgne Animal, have added various other species or genera. 

 Rafinesque also described numerous other genera, which have been entirely neglected by systematists.] 



THE SECOND FAMILY OF THE MYRIAPODA,— 

 Chilopoda, Latr. (or the genus Scolopendra, Lin.), — 

 Which lias the anteuuce more slender towards the extremity, of at least fourteen joints or more, a 

 mouth composed of two mandibles furnished with a small palpiform appendage, exhibiting, in the 

 middle, the appearance of a soldered articulation, and terminated like a spoon, with toothed edges ; a 

 quadrifid lip*, of which the two lateral divisions are the largest, annulated transversely, resembling the 

 membranous feet of Caterpillars ; two palpi, or small feet, united together at the l)ase, and hooked at 

 the tip ; and a second lipf, formed by a second pair of legs, dilated and united at the base, and termi- 

 nated by a strong hook, moveable, and pierced beneath the extremity with a canal for the discharge 

 of a venomous liquid. 



The body is depressed and membranous ; each of its rings is covered with a coriaceous or cartila- 

 ginous plate, and only bears, in general, a single pair of feet J, the last of which is directed backwards, 

 and prolonged like a tail. The organs of respiration are composed entirely, or in part, of tubular 

 trachea;. 



These animals run quickly ; they are carnivorous, shun the light, and hide themselves beneath stones, 

 logs of wood, the bark of trees, in the earth, &c. The inhabitants of hot climates dread them greatly, 

 the species inhabiting those regions being very large, and their poison much more powerful. 

 Scolopendra morsitans is called, in the Antilles, the Malfaisante. Some of them exhibit a luminous 

 property. 



The spiracles are more like those of Insects tlian those of the preceding family, and are either 

 lateral or dorsal. 



This family (in the arrangement of Dr. Leach composing the order Syngnatha) may, from the last- 

 mentioned characters, and the nature of its respiratory and locomotive organs, be thus divided. Some 



* Analogous to the lower lip of the ChilognnthH, and representing, 

 ny opinion, the tonpiie of the Crustacea, but able to perform also t 

 )ffii-c of niiixilliP. Savicny names it the first ausiliary lip. 



t Second auxiliary lip of Savigny. It is not articulated with the 



head, but with the anterior extremity of the firbt senilsesment. It I t In this case they 



may also represent the lower lip of masticatinfr insects. Kroin the 

 and iiumrrnuii other relations furnished by the Kntomoslraca a 

 Arachnida, I consider that the letfs of the hexapod Insects are an 

 loi;uus to the six loot-jaws of the decapod Crustacea. 



