COLEOPTEllA. 545 



head is immersed as deep as these organs in the thorax, not being separated by a sudden neck ; in many 

 it is vertical. 



Some of these have the terminal joint of the palpi either conical or triangnlar, or cylindric and 

 truncated at the tip ; the terminal lobe of the maxillae is straight, (not inwardly curved at the tip) ; the 

 head is generally porrected, or but slightly inclined ; and in those few which have it vertical {Dorcacerus), 

 it is nearly as broad as the body, and the antennai are very wide apart at the base, and spinose ; the 

 thorax often very rough, and rarely cylindrical. These Longicornes compose two principal groups or 

 tribes, \_Prionii and Cerambycini]. 



1. The Prionii have, for their characters, labrum wanting or very small, and scarcely distinct ; man- 

 dibles very strong and large, especially in the males ; inner lobe of the maxilla; wanting, or very small ; 

 antenna inserted near the base of the mandibles, or the notch of the eyes, but not encircled by them at 

 the base ; thorax often trapezoid or square, crenulated, or toothed at the sides. 



Parandra, Latr., has the antennae simple, nearly moniliform, compressed, not longer than the thorax, and the 

 terminal lobe of the maxilla; small, scarcely reaching beyond the basal joint of the palpi ; it is more especially 

 distinguished by the horny tonguelet in the form of a very short transverse segment of a circle, neither notched nor 

 lobed in front, and by the tarsi having the penultimate joint scarcely bilobed, and the last joint longer than all the 

 rest, with two setae at the tip of a small appendage between the claws. Thebody isparallellipiped, [and very shining]. 

 The species are peculiar to America. Type, jP. Itetis, Latr. 



Spondijlis, Fabr., approaches Parandra in the form of its antennas and maxillaiy lobes, but it has the tonguelet 

 as in all the rest of the Longicornes, membranous, heart-shaped ; the penultimate joint of the tarsi is deeply bilobed 

 and it is destitute of the setigerous appendage between the claws. <S. buprestoides, Linn., 6 or 7 lines long. [In- 

 habits the North of Europe.] 



Priontts.—'The third and last genus of this tribe has the antenna; longer than the head and thorax, serrated or 

 pectinated in some, simple and slender at the tips, and with elongated joints in others ; the terminal lobe of the 

 maxillae is at least as long as the two basal joints of the palpi ; the body is generally depressed, with the thorax square 

 or trapezoid, and either toothed, spined, or angular at the sides. 



These insects only fly in the evening or during the night, and always settle upon trees. Some exotic species are 

 remarkable for their size, and the enormous developement of their mandibles. The larVEe of Prionus cervi- 

 cornis, which lives in the wood of the Gossampinus tree, is eaten [by the natives of South America]. 



This genus comprises a very great number of species, which, from the variety in the form and size of their 

 mandibles, antennae, thorax, and abdomen, are divisible into many smaller subgenera, described by M. Serville, [in 

 the memoir above alluded to]. Some of the species have the body elongated, straight, with the thorax much shorter 

 than the abdomen, and greatly curved at the sides, and the mandibles of large size in the males. Amongst these 

 are the continental species, P. scabricornis, and many large exotic species. 



Others have the body not so oblong, somewhat depressed in front, and with moderate-sized mandibles in both 

 sexes, and the antenna; strongly serrated in the males. Amongst these is 



Prionus coriavius [the only British species], an inch and a half long, and of a brown black colour. It lives in the 

 larva state in the rotten trunks of oaks, &c. : when ready to undergo its transformation, it forms a hole in the 

 earth. 



Anacolus, Lep. and Serv., has the elytra small and triangular. [Brazilian insects.] 



Other species, of varied and often metallic colours, have the body shorter and broader, nearly oval, the antennae 

 simple, the head prolonged behind the eyes, &c. 



The Cerambycini have the labrum very distinct, and extending across the entire front of the head ; 

 the two maxillary lobes are very distinct and exserted ; the mandibles of the ordinary size, and alilte 

 or scarcely differing in the two sexes ; the eyes always notched ; the antennae ordinarily as long as, 

 or longer than the body ; the thighs, or at least the four anterior, are generally clavate, being slen- 

 der at the base. 



We arrange in the first place those which have the last joint of the palpi evidently thicker than the 

 preceding, of a triangular or conical form ; the head not being materially narrowed, and prolonged in 

 front like a muzzle, the thorax not dilated from the front to the hind part, and the elytra not in t)ie 

 shape of small scales, nor suddenly narrowed from the base and terminated like an awl. These con- 

 stitute the normal group of the Cerambycini, the others being in several respects anomalous, the last 

 of which appear to connect this tribe with the following. They compose the genera Cerambyx, Clytus, 

 Callidium, and part of Sfenoeorus, Fabr. They are the Cerambyx of Linnaeus, to which some of his 

 l.epturac are to be united. Modern Entomologists [especially Serville,] have greatly augmented the 

 number of their generic groups, but their characters are so slight that they may be reduced to one, — 



Cekambvx. 



A great number of species, all from South America, proportionably shorter and broader than the following, wi.n 

 !l;e antenna; often pectinated, serrated, or spined, are remarkable for the extent of the thorax, of which the length 



