LEPIDOPTERA. 613 



The substances upon which the caterpillars feea, or on which they mostly dwell, provide them with 

 materials for their cases. Among the cases formed of vegetable matters, some are very singular : the 

 Adelae, for instance, make their nests of bits of leaves, arranged upon each other. In some the material 

 is transparent. The caterpillars of the true Tinese clothe themselves in cases formed of hair, fur, &c., 

 which they cut off with their jaws, as well as of the hair of the skins of animals, and which they fasten 

 with silken threads. They have the instinct to elongate or widen these cases by slitting them, and 

 introducing a new piece. They undergo their transformations in these cases, having first closed the 

 orifice with silk. Reaumur, Rosel, and De Geer have especially investigated the habits of these insects. 

 Other species burrow into the interior of the vegetable and animal substances upon which they 

 subsist, forming simple galleries, where they construct cases either of these materials or of silk ; these 

 habitations are always fixed, and serve only as retreats. Others, again, pierce the interior of leaves 

 upon which they feed, producing dried-up patches either in spots or undulating lines, to be observed 

 on many leaves : buds, fruits, seeds, and often grains of wheat, as well as the resinous galls of some 

 fir trees, serve for food and abode to others. 



These Moths are often ornamented with very brilliant colours, the upper wings having gold or silver 

 spots. 



Some, the Pyralides, having the four palpi always distinct, exposed, or slightly hidden by the scales of the clypeus, 

 porrected, have their wings roof-like, but more flattened. Some of these have the proboscis very distinct, and the 

 caterpillars live upon different plants. 



Botys, Latr., has leaf-rolling caterpillars, with ordinary organs of respiration. Phal. urticata, Linn, [the Small 

 Magpie Moth], the caterpillar of which feeds on the nettle. 



Hydrocampe, Latr., is composed of nearly allied species, but of which the caterpillars are aquatic, with long, 

 filamentous appendages for respiration, the interior being furnished with trachea;. They form tubes with the 

 leaves of aquatic plants, or are exposed. 



Others have the proboscis obsolete, or nearly so. 



Aglossa, Latr., has the four palpi exposed, the wings forming a flat triangle. P. pinguinalis, Linn., the larvs 

 of which feeds on grease or buttery substances. According to Linna;us, it has been found but rarely in the human 

 stomach, where it produces more violent effects than ordinary intestinal worms. A medical man has sent me 

 some caterpillars of this species, which had been vomited by a young female, P. farinalis, Linn., feeds 

 on flour. 



Galleria, Fab., has the palpi covered by the scales of the front of the head ; the fore-wings narrower than in 

 Aglossa, and notched at the hind margin, and greatly deflexed at the sides. G. cereana, Fab., the Honeycomb 

 Moth, the larva of which commits much mischief in hives, by burrowing through the comb, and constructing a 

 silken web, mixed with grains of excrement ; the cocoons are sometimes found united in a mass. G. alvearia, Fab. 

 [also feeds on honeycomb], but is more allied to Tinea than this genus. Cramhus erigatiis, Fabr., and Tinea tri- 

 bunella and colonella, are allied to the preceding, but the palpi are longer, whence they are nearer allied to 

 Crambus. They form several subgenera. 



The others have the maxillary palpi not always distinct, the upper wings long and narrow, sometimes rolled round 

 the body and sometimes extended perpendicularly at the sides. In this state the insect has always a narrow and 

 elongated form, approaching that of a cylinder, or cone. 



Some have the labial palpi large and porrected, the last joint at most being recurved ; the maxillary palpi are 

 distinct. 



Crambus, Fab., has a distinct proboscis, and the palpi beak-like ; they frequent dry pastures. 



Alucita, Latr. {Ypsolophus, Fab.), has also the distinct proboscis, but the last joint of the palpi is recurved. 



Euplocanms, Latr. (P/iycis, Fab.), has the proboscis very short, with the last joint of the palpi recurved- the 

 male antennae have a double row of beards. 



Phycis, Fab., similar to Euplocami, but with the antennae only ciliated. Others have the labial palpi entirely 

 recurved over the head in many. In the two following subgenera the palpi scarcely extend beyond the forehead. 



Tinea, has the proboscis short, formed of two membranous filaments ; the head is very hairy. P. iapezana, Fab. 

 the larva of which gnaws clothes and other stuff materials, concealed in a case formed of particles of these sub- 

 stances, which it gnaws off. 



Other species, T. sarcitella, F., pellionella, Fab., flavifronleJla and granella, feed on clothes, woollen stuffs 

 furs, objects of natural history, and grains of wheat in granaries. 



Ilythia, Latr. (Crambus, Fab.), has the proboscis distinct, and of the ordinary size, and the last joint of the 

 palpi shorter than the preceding. 



Vpoiiomeuta, Latr., has the proboscis distinct, and the last joint of the palpi as long as the preceding joint. 

 These insects are allied to Lithosia, T. evonymcUa (the Small F.rmine Moth), and T. padella, the last of which 

 lives upon fruit-trees, in vast numbers, the larvae covering the branches with webs. 



CEcopkora, Latr., has the palpi extending over the head as far as the middle of the thorax. The Corn Moth 

 belongs to this genus, as well as T. Harrisella, the larva of which forms a kind of hainon. 



Adela, Latr., differs from the preceding in the very small and pilose palpi, the very long antenna", and the eves 

 contiguous. The species are found in wood, and appear as soon as the oak leaves expand. The wings are generally 



