264 Scientific Intelligence. 
out the cretaceous formation of central deserves fiotice. 
The great abundance of beds of lignite (charbon) distributed throughs 
Spain also 
me resp hey nearly as important as those of true 
a peculiarity of our cretaceous formations; the celebrated mine of 
Cardona in Catalogna may be mentioned, as well as Pozo del Rey 
in the province of Burgos, the salt springs of Aiiana, province of 
Alana, which produce more than 50,000 fanegas of salt,* &c. 
‘he formations of the tertiary period, both the marine and the la- 
custrine, overlie all kinds of beds of older date; as, for example, in 
Catalogna they rest on the chalk, at Valencia on the jurassic, in Anda- 
lusia on the transition beds, in the valley of the Guadalquivir, on the 
various surrounding beds and even on granite. The actual configura- 
along the same shore there are some spots, as at Cuevas de Vera Si- 
erra Almagrera, where the marine tertiary formation attains an elevation 
of 900 feet, which gives rise to the question as to whether the waters of 
directions, which were washed down by the streams into the ancient 
sea, all proving the existence at that period of a more tropical climate 
than is found at present in this district. ‘ 
r tertiary marine formations cover almost without interruption the 
ind the Straits in the 
C 
although it is probable. This tertiary zone extends but a short distance 
into the interior, except in the valley of the Guadalquivir, where It may 
be traced without interruption from Cadiz and San Lucar, ascending 
neighborhooe 
f Burgos towards the north, which must have been a salt lake at that 
period. In this formation we find a few deposits of lignite, the mos? — 
important of which is probably that of Utrillas, near Montalvan, 10 the 
i f : Se 
province of Teruel 
ies fanega is equivalent to rather more than 99} litres or 16 bushels; and a 
fanega of salt weighs about 112 Spanish pounds (or 113°6 lbs. ay.). Sr 
