2 
merely with monstrosities proper, wants some elucidation. As 
it remains doubtful in many cases whether a deviation has 
been induced by some external influence or on the contrary is 
of spontaneous origin, consequently whether we have to do with 
pathological or with teratological disturbances, we must in the 
latter case at any rate distinguish reversion (atavism) from 
other spontaneous variations. The Orchidaceae e. g., which also 
in this paper occupy a rather important place, will show that 
the characteristics of the family: reversion, condensation and 
suppression of organs are the chief causes i. e. that they in our 
specimens affect such parts as in ordinary circumstances remain 
unaltered, for instance sepals ¢ohering, sepals grown together 
with petals, petals coalescing with the labellum, the labellum 
itself altogether suppressed and so on. 
Whether the spadix of Maize is simply a monstrosity or 
rather a reversion to a former state cannot decisively be con- 
cluded, although the latter surmise is more probable. 
Examples of such variations are given by a narrow-leaved 
form of Hevea brasiliensis and by the flowers of Telanthera 
philoxeroides Mig. Especially the latter is remarkable on account 
of its bisexuality getting lost, consequent from its stamens 
changing into pistils. Whether this phenomenon takes place only 
in Java or also in its original country (Brazil) is a question 
which I hope may attract the attention of those who live in 
South-America or have an opportunity of getting material from 
these regions. 
The last question, how far monstrosities can be created in 
an artificial way and which has come to the front again through 
the experiments and suggestions of G. Klebs and Mel. T. Cook, 
is likely to take advantage from Mr. Smith’s experience with 
respect to Calendula, as cultivated by him under so very 
different climatological influences. 
ARACEAE, 
Caladium spec. 
Habitat South-America? 
