J. D. Dana on Zoophytes. 17 
59. But if imstead of budding indefinitely, the older polyps 
after a while lose the power, the zoophyte may commence as a 
small hemisphere, but will soon lengthen upward without in- 
creasing in width ; the outer and older effete polyps ceasing to 
bud, begin the sides of a growing column. Budding will thus be 
confined to a summit cluster, of some specific size, (according to 
the species, ) and the older polyps will leave the cluster at the 
same rate as others are produced. 'The branching Porites, Sidero- 
pore, and Pocilloporee grow in this way through a budding 
ter which constitutes the apex of each branch. Such branches 
have an obtuse extremity, excepting in the Seriatoporae and some 
Gorgonize where the budding cluster is small. 
sed by Ehrenberg, is thus obvious. 
61. When the buds form seriately only on two sides of a 
branch we may have a two-edged form, as in the Pterogorgia an- 
ceps. And if they spread laterally, as well as face in two diree- 
tions, they give rise to verti 
62. If the buds are ; 1, or form more. rapidly 
one side of a cylindrical branch than another, the branches grow 
more or less horizontally; and thus the vase Madrepores are 
produced. 
63.. Modes of branching as connected with lateral budding.— 
We have already alluded to the caliculato-ramose forms of zoo- 
es. There are other modes of branching which should be 
distinguished. 
64. Patrio-ramose.—In the Madrepores, one of the non-bud- 
ding lateral polyps, after the branch is sufficiently lengthened be- 
yond it, begins to bud, and a new branchlet thus commences from 
this as its parent-polyp. The same is the case in the Dendro- 
phyllias, and it is the universal mode in these genera. — A may 
designate such zoophytes by the term patrio-ramose. + _— 
65. Cumulato-ramose.—In the Gorgonias, in much the same 
manner, a budding cluster (of one or more polyps) begins on the 
side of a branch, at some specific interval below the apex, an 
this, by growing and budding, produces a branch. ‘The pinnules 
of the Gorgonia setosa form at regular intervals in this manner, 
and each commences four to six inches from the summit. At 
much greater intervals, one of the pinnules below begins to bud 
Sxconp Serizs, Vol. Ill, No. 7.—Jan., 1847. 3 
plates, as in some Millepore. ~*~ 
< 
