Botany and Zoology. 123 
process is the transverse process (parapophysis) of the parietal verte- 
bra: the styloid process is the proximal piece (pleurapophysis) of the 
hyoid arch ; the tympanic or external auditory process is the modified 
proximal element of the mandibular arch; the 
and most important part of the skull, Prof. Owen believed, with Ohm 
and Bajanus, to be naturally arranged ina series of segments, each 
consisting of an upper (neural) and a lower (haemal) arch, with a com- 
on centre, and usually with diverging appendages. ‘The bones en- 
tering into the composition of each segment had, in fact, the same rel- 
ative position, and were similar in number with those of the typical 
vertebree of the truank—the excess in number arising from subdivision 
of peripheral elements; he should, therefore, continue to apply the 
name vertebra to these segments. Homologists differed as to the num- 
ber of cranial vertebrae; and the skull might differ, like the neck, the 
back, and other regions, in different animals, as to the number of its 
rhinencephalic : the lower or heemal arches were the scapular, the hy- 
oidean the mandibular, the mavillary; the diverging appendages of 
to the cranium as something very strange. Oh 
of the essential nature of the arms and legs is, that they are no other 
than “liberated ribs.” Carus, in his ingenious endeavours to gain a 
view of the primary homologies of the locomotive members, sees in 
their several joints repetitions of vertebral bodies—vertebre of the 
third d ». But Prof. Owen remarked, that such transcendental 
analyses sublimated all differences, and definite knowledge escaped 
through the unwarrantable extension of the meaning of terms. He re- 
iy 
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