and Elevations of Scandinavia. 317 
trutta, L..) is only a species of salmon, like the Salmo salar, L. 
But as the salmon of the coast does not ascend into the lakes, 
we are naturally led to the conclusion, that this fish has resisted 
the modifications that have occurred where it dwells. ‘The im- 
mersion of land does not take place alike in all parts; the beauti- 
ful observations of Messrs. Keilhau and Bravais, upon the ancient 
marks of the level of the Scandinavian sea, teach us that there it 
Was not uniform throughout. Finally, if it is true that the osars, 
which may be traced a long distance into the interior and whose 
mode of formation we have explained above, indicate successive 
sea shores, it follows that the Gulf of Bothnia was once much 
larger than at present. A large belt of coast now under cultiva- 
tion, was then under water, and only gradually became elevated. 
is successive retreat of the waters has taken place mostly 
during the present epoch, as undeniable traces of man* are found 
in the interior of the osars. It is probable that during this pe- 
riod of slow immersion, there lived in Scandinavia a primitive 
people, an entirely different race, as their osteology indicates, 
from that of recent Scandinavia, and whose skeletons are foun 
in the peat beds mingled indiscriminately with those of animals, 
some of which have completely disappeared from the surface of 
the earth, such as the Bos urus, and others which are no longer 
known in the same countries, as the reindeer.t 
Conclusion.—It follows from the preceding considerations, 
that whilst the upheavals of Scandinavia are of great importance 
in the study of erratic blocks, the latter furnish us in their turn 
with valuable hints as to the time and the geological bearing of 
these elevations. I have shown that the elevations are not con- 
fined to the historical epoch, but extend far back into the period 
of the diluvium. On the other hand we learn from the same 
examinations, that these elevations have not been continuous ; 
that on the contrary they were intermitting and in phe since 
i avi 
gravel taken from the Norwegian mountains, a long time must 
have been required, whose minimum of years would be thousands, 
8 * See Lyell, upon the proofs of a gradual elevation of the soil in certain parts of 
weden. ‘ 
‘ + I am indebted to the beautiful works of Messrs. Wilson and Eschricht for these 
etails, 
