Distribution, Food and Climate of the Mammoth. 17 
appear to have been instituted; they have in some instances, 
indeed, been rather checked than promoted. 
Dr. Fleming has observed, that “no one acquainted with the 
gramineous character of the food of our F'allow-deer, Stag, or Roe, 
would have assigned a lichen to the Reindeer.” But we may 
readily believe that any one cognizant of the food of the Elk, 
might be likely to have suspected cryptogamic vegetation to have 
entered more largely into the food of a still more northern species 
of the deer tribe. And I can by no means subscribe to another 
proposition by the same eminent naturalist, that “the kind of 
food which the existing species of Elephant prefers, will not ena- 
ble us to determine, or even to offer a probable conjecture con- 
cermng that of the extinct species.” ‘The molar teeth of the 
of such extinct species. Forests of hardy trees and shrubs still 
grow upon the frozen soil of Siberia, and skirt the banks of the 
ena as far north as latitude 60°. In Europe, arboreal vegeta- 
tion extends ten degrees nearer the pole, and the dental organiza- 
tion of the Mammoth proves that it might have derived subsis- 
tence from the leafless branches of trees, in regions covered dur- 
ing a great part of the year with snow. a ae 
_ We may ine safely infer from physiological grounds, that 
the Mammoth would have found the requisite means of subsist- 
ence at the present day, and at all seasons, in the sixtieth parallel 
hemisphere, we may assume that the Mammoth habitually fre- 
quented still higher latitudes at the period of its actual existence. 
__ it has ested,” observes the same philosophic writer, 
