102 
evidence that they are still secundary and that consequently 
this case is to be classed with our first group of malfor- 
mations. 
And here it seems to be the right place to record a beautiful 
series of bifid tops in Punica Granatum (fam. Lythrarieae) which 
I have preserved in my herbarium. Although this series was col- 
lected in the Jardin botanique of Brussels by Mr. Smith and 
consequently does not belong to the Indian monstrosities there 
collected, I mention them, because Punica Granatum (a native 
of Africa!) is of frequent occurrence in the East-Indies and the 
modification here described is almost sure to be met with in 
those countries. 
The series, then, consists of various degrees of apex-fissure 
beginning with a slight incision and closing with two laminae 
on one petiole. 
The Menado-coffee which in so many respects differs from 
the other varieties of Coffee abounds in bifid apices; the leaves 
run through all gradations up to the total division, in this 
way making understood the triple, quadruple and even mul- 
tiple whorls of leaves which characterize this variety. Even the 
cotyledons, according to Mr. Smith, pass through all the stages 
I have mentioned '). 
Cubebe canina Miq. (fam. Piperaceae), Malayan: Sirie anjding. 
A shoot at the base of an old bough also shows bifid leaves 
in different stages. The shoot moreover deserves attention on 
account of its being made up of two stems (probably phyllo- 
podes) meeting at the spot where two leaves are abnormally 
opposed. (Fig. 19*, I, I, IID. 
1) According to Hugo de Vries fissure may go still further than the cutting-up 
of a leaf into two leaves, it may extend to what Delpino terms the phyllopodium. 
De Vries actually shows that in Castanea vesea, Carpinus Betulus and Robinia Pseud- 
acacia not only are leaves divided into two which diverge -horizontally, but also 
in many cases we find longitudinal transposition (along the stem), from which it 
is evident that the division has proceeded still further i, e. down to the stem it- 
self. For a thorough understanding of this I should add that according to Delpino 
the stem is made up of phyllopodia, i. e. the lowermost parts of the leaves. Com- 
pare Bot. Jaarboek, published by Dodonaea, T. V. p. 108). 
