23' i Santos: Metabolism Experiments with Filipinos 55 



acid, by Folin-Shaff er's ; sodium chloride according to Volhard- 

 Arnold; and calcium oxide, by McCrudden's method. All of 

 these procedures are described in the excellent manual of Under- 

 hill. (18) The caloric value of the different foods was estimated 

 from Atwater's(4) tables for American food materials. The 

 surface area was calculated by the use of Meeh's formula, and 

 the Du Bois value of 39.7 calories (13) per square meter of body 

 surface was taken as the standard in calculating the basal 

 metabolism. 



DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 



As will be seen in Tables 1 to 8, a positive nitrogen balance 

 was obtained in all of the series. In no case was the caloric 

 intake of each person less than 14 per cent above the basal 

 requirement, a value calculated by Lusk as the excess, above the 

 starvation minimum, needed for maintenance. Little change 

 in weight was observed in any of the subjects. 



Table 9 shows the average daily nitrogen and the caloric intake 

 of the four Filipinos concerned. 



Table 10 shows that the students consumed more calories per 

 kilogram of body weight than either the people of Los Bafios 

 or the prisoners in Manila; more than is required by the Voit, 

 the Eubner, or the Chittenden (6, 7) standard; but less than the 

 recorded intake of Japanese students (Oshima, 16) or the intake 

 required by Atwater's standard (Lusk, 13). 



A study of the nitrogen intake (Table 10) shows that my 

 subjects ingested more nitrogen than the reported intake of 

 Filipinos living in the Philippines; more than the intake of 

 Japanese students; and almost as much, per kilogram of body 

 weight, as required by the accepted American and European 

 standards. Almost one-half of the nitrogen intake of the stu- 

 dents investigated by Collado, and more than two-thirds of the 

 intake of Aron and Hocson's subjects, came from the rice eaten. 

 Less than one-third of the nitrogen intake of my subjects came 

 from rice. The reasons for the comparatively high intakes of 

 meat (nitrogenous food) are obvious. Animal foods are usually 

 more expensive than either the vegetable or the cereal foods. 

 Collado's subjects paid for the food they ate. Aron and Hocson 

 intentionally made rice the basis of their diet, from which it can 

 be deduced that they did not amply provide meat for their men. 

 Aron (2) also found that the people of Taytay obtained more than 

 half of their nitrogen need from rice. They, likewise, paid for 

 their food. Besides, it is the habit of the majority of the people 



