23. 4 Baker: Malayan Jassoidea 349 



within this "ocellar area," which is usually part of the "temple," 

 and commonly remote from the eyes. Rarely are the ocelli 

 above or within the upper carina. The carina may be replaced 

 by blunt folds, or one or the other may be absent, very rarely 

 both. Genera with these characters have been indiscriminately 

 scattered among Acocephalini, Errhomenellini, Tettigoniellini, 

 Jassaria, Hecalusaria, Cephalelusaria, Phrynomorpharia, and 

 even Eupterygini, without consideration of coordinate charac- 

 ters, with the effect of destroying the homogeneity of all these 

 groups, and rendering their systematic definition and synopsis 

 impractical. 



True Acocephalini, however, have scarcely more than the 

 value of a "group" in the Phrynomorphini, since, as in most 

 true Jassidse sens, str., the basal lateral carinae or sutures of 

 front pass over the anterior margin of crown to near the posi- 

 tion of the ocelli. It is also doubtful if the Errhomenellini, 

 including Errhomenellus, Anosterostemma, Chiasmus, Uzelina, 

 and Tylozygus, should be associated closely with the Tettigo- 

 niellini. The Penthimiidse form an assemblage coordinate with 

 Thaumastoscopidse and Gyponidae, very homogeneous in form 

 and many important structural characters. Distant' s "Mukaria" 

 is separated far from the Tettigoniellidse and placed among the 

 true jassids, solely because the ocelli are indistinguishable; but 

 two members of the group as he constitutes it are otherwise 

 typical Penthimiidae and the third is apparently unrelated. Most 

 jassoid groups contain some members with ocelli small, weak, 

 or indistinguishable. 



If some of these most disturbing and elsewhere unrelated 

 elements, injected into otherwise homogeneous assemblages and 

 reviewed in the present paper, are brought together and their 

 anatomical details compared, their close genetic relationship 

 will be at once recognized, their interrelationships being closer 

 than with other jassoid insects. It is impossible to present 

 more than a temporary arrangement of these in their relations 

 with older families. The groups here termed families and 

 subfamilies may not be of equivalent grades, but the segregation 

 of them is certainly justified, and still further division of the old 

 family Jassidaa is much to be desired in order to make possible 

 the classification of thousands of tropical forms. It is believed 

 that in the future system of the jassoid insects many families 

 will have to be recognized, and that some of the present sub- 

 families will then appear as well-founded families. In the 

 meantime rapid additions to material in these little-known groups 



