486 The Philippine Journal of Science 192s 



and before treatment, only, in seven others. In passing, it may- 

 be remarked that we have observed that hyaline and granular 

 casts are of frequent occurrence, without an associated albumi- 

 nuria, in a large proportion of Filipinos who are in apparently 

 normal health, so that undue significance should not be placed 

 on these findings. 



The urine of many of the men showed a tendency to assume 

 a darker hue immediately after treatment. However, in only 

 one instance was a test for bile positive. This was the case 

 of prisoner 14704, who received 7.6 cubic centimeters of carbon 

 tetrachloride, on the basis of 1 cubic centimeter to each 7 kilo- 

 grams of body weight. His urine was negative for albumin 

 and casts, both before and after treatment. It was very dark 

 in color after treatment and of a specific gravity of 1.026. 

 Leucocytes in small numbers were present, both before and 

 after treatment. 



This man showed no physical reaction to the drug, and the 

 watery stools passed by him contained only small quantities of 

 bile and mucus. His liver was not palpable. He did not become 

 jaundiced. 



We have not undertaken to analyze the other data obtained 

 by urinalysis, because standards bearing on the routine clinical 

 examination of Filipino urine are not available. We would 

 say, parenthetically, that we encountered nothing that we are 

 inclined to regard as especially significant to this study. The 

 pathological findings in the urines made by us are recorded in 

 Table 11. 



THE BLOOD 



Notwithstanding the study of the blood of these subjects was 

 carried out with all the care and thoroughness possible under 

 the methods employed, the data collected are almost too bizarre 

 to be treated in detail. However, we feel justified in drawing 

 certain conclusions on the basis of our blood findings. 



A large proportion of subjects showed a distinct polycythe- 

 mia and high haemoglobin percentage. Such conditions in a 

 group of men known to harbor hookworm naturally awakened 

 our interest. However, it is, in a large measure, explained by 

 the low worm counts, more than 90 per cent of which were below 

 100. 



The total erythrocyte counts of seventy-four of the subjects 

 showed 5,000,000 or more erythrocytes per cubic millimeter. 

 Of these, eighteen men showed a count of above 6,000,000, and 

 six men above 7,000,000 erythrocytes. Hemoglobin estima- 



