23,6 Schidtze: Pachyrrhynchus 619 



As to the marked resemblance among species belonging to dif- 

 ferent genera of Pachyrrhynchides, I am almost forced to the 

 conclusion that this is due to the existence of similar conditions 

 in respect to food, surroundings, and environment. The un- 

 usual hardness of these beetles seems to have developed more as 

 a protection against accidents due to the usual heavy rains and 

 storms in the regions inhabited by them. The superficial re- 

 semblance to spiders I consider as rather incidental. Concerning 

 the different species of cerambycids involved in the above ques- 

 tions, all of which belong to the genus Doliops and seem to be 

 very rare, the facts again seem rather to substantiate and 

 emphasize the theory that the hardness of the Pachyrrhynchides 

 is a protection against certain enemies and that the color and 

 pattern resemblance in the rare Doliops species developed as a 

 protective device. The Doliops species, like most cerambycids, 

 are of moderate hardness. It is well known that many species of 

 this family form the food of many birds, such as woodpeckers, 

 etc. ; so it would seem that, if a species of cerambycid resembled 

 a species of beetle not suitable for food, the resemblance would be 

 a protection. I may mention that several cerambycids are known 

 from the Philippines aside from those mentioned above, which 

 bear a strong resemblance to certain surroundings, for example, 

 Xylorrhiza adusta Wiedem., which resembles bark; others, like 

 Ephies coccineus Gahan, which resemble some other beetles, as 

 Lycidae, the latter known to be obnoxious for some reason or 

 another. 



The rather frequent association of beetles of the above-named 

 groups has been so impressive, to myself as well as to others, 

 that in collecting a certain pachyrrhynchid or Doliops we sus- 

 pected the existence near by of one or the other parallel form. 

 In several instances we were rewarded by finding this true. 



The cricket Scepastus pachyrrhynchoides from Luzon, de- 

 scribed by Gerstacker, fl which bears such an extraordinary re- 

 semblance to a certain Pachyrrhynchus species, I should sup- 

 pose from the description resembles P. confusus; I am unable 

 to add anything about this species. I believe it has not been 

 reported or collected since the time of Semper, its discoverer; 

 it appears to be a very rare insect. 



I hope to have shown that the status of the questions con- 

 cerning the mimicry relations of the pachyrrhynchids is still 



• Stett. Ent. Zeitg. 24 (1863) 408, pi. 1, figs. 3, 3a. 



