630 The Philippine Journal of Science 1923 



Faust 29 and placed with the celeuthetids. Among the material 

 at the disposal of Behrens was that collected by Semper. He 

 considered the peculiar distribution and mimicry of the group 

 at length and made comparisons to certain mimicry analogues 

 among the Lepidoptera of the Amazon River region. After 

 treating the whole group he partially revised and described 7 

 apparently new species of Pachyrrhynchus of a subsection which 

 he designated, in my opinion very inappropriately, as the "Gem- 

 matus-Gruppe." In the redescription of some of the Water- 

 house species he created confusion, 30 which it has taken many 

 years to clear up, mainly due to limited material. In 1888 

 Kraatz 31 described 3 more species of Pachyrrhynchus, made 

 some critical remarks on Behrens's work, and placed the spe- 

 cies of the so-called "Gemmatus-Gruppe," in a synopsis table. 

 In 1892 Faust 32 erected the genus Pantorhytes for several 

 species that had been described as Pachyrrhynchus species but 

 which have morphological characters very different from those 

 of the latter genus. As type he designated P. chrysomelas Montr. 

 A determination table and synopsis of the genus Pantorhytes 

 Faust 33 was given by Heller in 1903 and 1905. In 1908 Heller 

 founded the monotypic genus Apocyrtidius,™ the type being 

 A. chlorophanus Heller from Borneo. Finally, in 1912, Heller 35 

 published his excellent revision of the pachyrrhynchids, partic- 

 ularly those of the Philippine region. For this work the mate- 

 rial from the various larger museums of Europe was made 

 available to Professor Heller as well as the material from the 

 Bureau of Science collection. The existing confusion of the 

 group was definitely cleared up and, due to Heller's efforts, the 

 systematic arrangement of the pachyrrhynchids was effected. 

 Heller described in his work 5 new genera, Eupachyrrhynchus, 

 Pseudapocyrtus, Macrocyrtus, Nothapocyrtus, and Metapocyr- 

 tus, and 53 new species, besides several new varieties of Phil- 

 ippine pachyrrhynchids. He divided Metapocyrtus into 7 sub- 

 genera. Keys are given for all the known genera of the group 

 and tor all the Philippine species. Since 1912 about 24 species 



^Stett. Ent. Zeitg. 58 (1897) 70. 



"Schultze, Philip. Journ. Sci. 23 (1923) 77 



^Deutsche Ent. Zeitschr. (1888) 25. 



^Stett. Ent. Zeitg. 53 (1892) 193 



Zeitg^ a90 B 5) r '305 OOL "^ ^^ ^ " (19 ° 2 -° 3) M « Wien ' Ent ' 

 M Stett. Ent. Zeitg. (1908) 129 

 33 Philip. Journ. Sci. § D 7 (1912) 293. 



