oKcHTs] THE SWIMMER MANUSCRIPT 141 



THE SOUL 



It will help our purpose materially if we briefly examine the different 

 semantic values of the stem -y-naN't/" which we find in the word for 

 ''soul": 



aDa'N*to' Soul; mind; disposition. 



GaDa'^nottua' I am thinking. 



cGwaDa'N^t'etua' I am astonished. 



aGWaDa'N^t'eta' nor)i' I doubted it. 



o*sfyu"' a'GWaDa'N!tat9*'r)i I rejoice. 



uDa'N^ti'yu' He is of a friendly disposition. 



This shows how prolific has been the activity of this stem, such 

 concepts as thinking, feeling, being conditioned, being disposed, being 

 in a certain state of mind, and, in the ritual language, even "causing," 

 all being rendered by it. 



This points to a semantic evolution which is very similar to that of 

 the Latin "animus." 



Soul and mind are almost synonymous to the Cherokee. They are 

 at least two closely related manifestations of the same principle. 

 "Our soul has its seat in our heart (my heart: aGt'^na*u'). What 

 we think starts in our heart, and the heart sends our mind out." 

 Our heart is the broadcasting station, might be a very free but all the 

 more correct version. 



It is not possible to find any definite opinions as to whether the 

 name, the shadow, or any other part of the individual is considered a 

 part of his soul, or in exactly what relation they stand to a person. 

 There can, however, hardly be any doubt but that the name, the 

 shadow, the liver, the crown of the head, or perhaps a particular hair, 

 or a particular lock (the scalp lock?) on the crown of the head, all 

 were once believed ^o be intimately associated with the soul, either 

 as parts of it or as abiding places for it. 



The soul does not leave the body during sleep or dreams. Nor is 

 sickness caused by absence of the soul; but certain psychopathological 

 states are ascribed to this fact; the condition of utter despondency 

 brought about by an enemy "worldng" against you is caused by 

 nothing else but the fact that he has gotten hold of your soul, and has 

 buried it "out west," in the Night Land. This does not necessarily 

 mean instant death; it rarely does. You may live without your sold 

 for quite a nmnber of months, and slowly pine away; this is what 

 happens if you can not successfully counteract the influence of your 

 enemy. 



Acute cases of lovesickness, homesickness, melancholy, and dejec- 

 tion are also usually explained in this way. 



No definite notion is entertained as to the origin of souls. 



™ When the vowel becomes leDgthened the nasal becomes voiced, and is fol- 

 lowed by an obscure vowel. 



