126 PROFESSOR EDWARD HULL^ M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., ON 



Part IV. 



1. C-oniparisou of the Scandinavian features with those of Scotland. 



2. Special points of analogy. 



3. Views of Sir Andrew Kamsay and Professor James Geikie on glacial 



ero&ion of lake?. 



4. Sea-lochs and rock-basins of Scotland. 



5. Views of Scandinavian geologists on glacial erosion. 



6. Marine terraces or raised beaches of Scotland, and former subsidence 



of the British Isles. 



Part V. 



asalogt between the condition of western scandinavia and op 

 Western Europe. 



1. General elevation of the land of Westenf Europe during the Glacial 



Period ; submerged river-valleys of AVestern Europe and Africa. 



2. Eiver-valleys necessarily sub-aerial during formation, and inferences 



to be drawn regarding changes of level of Western Europe, etc. 

 Siltino- up of sub-oceanic river-channels, both in the North Sea 

 and tiie Eastern Atlantic. 



3. General succession of events in the history of the Norwegian Fjords ; 



from Archaean to recent times. 



Introductory 



T 



HE* Fjords of Western Norway occupy an exceptional, 



perhaps unique, position amongst the physical features 



of Europe. These arras of the sea entering from the western 

 coast penetrate for long distances into the very heart of the 

 lofty snowcapped plateau of the Norwegian promontory, and 

 while descending to great depths below the surface of the 

 Avaters along their central portions, are often bounded by 

 cliffs and walls of rock whose upper margins are sometimes 

 decked by snowfields or glaciers, and which rise to levels 

 above the surface almost as great as that of the floor below 

 the same horizontal plane. 



In no other country in Europe have we examples on so 

 magnificent a scale of such profound channels invaded by 

 the waters of tJie ocean; bounded by such stupendous walls 

 of rock, overlooked by perennial snowfields and ultimately 

 merging into valleys, vsuch as that of the Romsdal, lined by 

 walls, generally precipitous, often vertical, and lising 

 several tliousand feet till culminating in some stupendous 

 " horn " or peak ; or else forming the margin of that vast 

 sno^\ field which covers as with a white sheet the surface of 



