THE PHYSICAL HISTORY OF THE NORWEGIAN FJORDS. 137 



h. In both, the mainland is sheltered from the outer 

 ocean by a chain of islands. 



c. In both, the mountains are penetrated by sea-lochs or 



channels, shallower at their outlet than further 

 inland towards the centre. 



d. In both the rocks are glaciated down to, and below 



the water-edge, and by the direction of the glacial 

 striations and their form of surface show that the 

 interior highlands Avere centres of dispersion for 

 the snow and ice of the glacial period. Similar 

 phenomena, such as moraines, perched blocks and 

 boulders, are observable in both cases. 



e. In both the presence of marine terraces and raised 



beaches show that after the glacial period, the 

 land was submerged to various depths below the 

 present level of the sea.* 

 /. In both there has been re-elevation and recession of 

 glacial conditions, resulting in the case of Scotland, 

 in the entire disappearance of the glaciers, but in 

 the case of Norway, in their retreat into the 

 higher valleys of the interior mountains. 



2, Special jJoints of analogy. 



Without going very far into a description of these 

 phenomena as they occur in Scotland, which would be 

 foreign to the object of this paper, I will offer some observa- 

 tions on two of the above features, taking as my guide 

 Professor James Geikie's admirable Avork, to which the 

 reader is referred for fuller details.f It is unnecessary that 

 I should specially refer to Nos. a and h, in the above points 

 of comparison which can be inferred from an inspection of 

 any geological map of Scotland or of the British Isles. 

 I therefore pass on to the third of the above points, wherein 

 it is stated that the Scottish mountains are penetrated 

 by sea-lochs or channels, shallow at their entrance but 

 deepening inland ; thus showing that they are true fjords, 



* Mr. T. F. Jamieson, iii his excellent paper on the Glaciation of 

 Scotland, has shown that the parting of the ice-How eastward and west- 

 wai'd took place at Craig Dhu in Inverness-shire in the valley of the 

 R. Spean. Quart. Journ. Geo. Soc, vol. 18, p. 170 (1862). 



+ The Great Ice Age ; also Scenertj and Geology of Scotland, by 

 Sir A. Geikie, p. 125. 



