THE PHYSICAL HISTORY" OF THE NORWEGIAN FJOEDS. 147 



petnally covered with. snow. Hekla is spoken of as only a " fell." 

 Snaefell in the south-west is, as above stated, a '' jokull," though 

 only somewhat over 4,000 feet in altitude, whereas P^ast Snaefell, 

 if I recollect rightly, reaches to a height of over 4,000 feet. 



2. (p. 135) Formation of Marine Terraces. — There is, I believe, 

 such a marine terrace on the north coast of Iceland, a few miles 

 to the east of Hasavik, which place I have visited, but not the 

 terrace. It is, I think, mentioned in Henderson's Iceland (2 vols.). 

 That a missionary visited the island in or about 1818 on behalf of 

 the B. and F. Bible Society and reports the occurrence in said 

 marine terrace of a stratum of the well-known shells, Cyprina 

 Islandica, of smaller size than those now occnrring in such abun- 

 dance in a living state at Isaf jordr in the north-west.* I have little 

 or rather no doubt that Professor Hull would at once discover 

 many other such terraces alike in the interior fjords, the archi- 

 pelago of islands, skerries, etc., that stud the sea to the west of 

 Iceland, and the barriers of rocks that break the force of the tide 

 to the south of the island. My own pursuit of entomology, and 

 very imperfect knowledge, left me little leisure or capability for 

 such matters. 



3. (p. 133 of paper) Deepening Process by Glacier Action and the 

 Piling-np Process by Moraine Matter. — I have on more ihan one 

 occasion witnessed this "piling up of the moraine." Take the 

 masses of moraine widely and thickly strewn on the banks of the 

 Glara (pronounced Glera) as an example, close to where that river 

 debouches into the Eyjaf jordr (just north of Oddeyii itself, a suburb 

 of and rather less than a mile north of Akureyri) and on the 

 western bank of that fjordr. This river, which I visited on July 

 10th, 1890, is reduced to a mere thread in the summer season in the 

 centre of the fields of moraine that it brings down when in flood. 

 Iceland has been described as a land in v/hich both fz^ost and fire 

 have done their worst, and correspondingly the moraine in question 

 does not only consist of the ordinary stones rounded alike by 

 glacier friction above and by the action of the watercourse lower 

 down, but of obsidian pebbles which also owe their formation of 

 vitrified lava to intense heat. The "deepening process by glacier 



* Spelt Eyjafjordr ou Tlioroddsen's Geological Map which shows 

 numerous raised beaches along the shores of the northern inlets and 

 fjords. — Ed. 



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