LOCUSTS AND GRASSHOPPERS- 207 



sufRcient to deuioiistrate the difficulties arising from the 

 same word being used inditFerently to denote two or tliree 

 species, or the same word being used indifferently to signif'y 

 both the larva and the perfect insect, or the same v.'ord being- 

 employed for one kind in the Greek Septuagint, and another 

 species in classical Greek. English is not so rich as Greek in 

 the possession of many words only separated in signification 

 from one another by delicate shades of meaning, and there is 

 also another reason Avhy the Greek Septnagint and the 

 Hebrew originals shonld alike have many words at command 

 to designate the Orthoptera of Scripture. It is almost 

 certain that all the kinds recorded occur in Greece as well as 

 in Palestine. 



Nearly all the countries bordering the MediteiTanoan bear 

 a remarkable resemblance to one another in many particulars 

 of geology, botany, and insect fauna. But hardly a single 

 species of the said Orthoptera occurs in England, and therefore 

 could not have been familiar to the translators of the A.\, 

 or be recognized on their part by a distinctive appellation in 

 consequence. 



I may instance in conclusion the locust of Deuteronomy 

 xxviii, 42, for which the Hebrew Avord is tzelatzal, " the 

 tinkler," a word applied to the locust from the noise of its 

 wings, and evidently formed to signify the sound that tlie 

 creature makes. The late Professor Westwood regarded it 

 as evidently from the name identical with the Tsaltsalya or 

 zimb of Bruce, the well-known traveller in Abyssinia. Most 

 words coined to express the hum of insects commence with 

 Ts, Tz, or Z. 



To revert once more to the passage concerning grass- 

 hoppers in Amos vii, in verse 2 Ave are told, " And it came to 

 pass, that when the}^ had made an end of eating the grass of 

 the land," Avhat then ? Are Ave to infer that they arose on 

 swift wing, and betook theniseh^es on high, afar, to pastures 

 ncAv? Aquatic Coleoptera are supposed to be provided AA'ith 

 Avings, that if their pond be dried up in time of summer lieaL 

 they are thus enabled to fly off to other Avaters. So avc 

 discern the import of the prophet's question, " By Avhom shall 

 Jacob arise ? for he is small" — he has no AA'ings, he is as yet 

 undeveloped, in other Avords he cannot raise him.self. 



Gn refei-ring to the Re^^ J. G. Wood's account in Blhlf 

 An'imah of the locust, pp. 59(5 to 604, and which I did not 

 consult until I had draAvn up my OAvn obseiwations already 

 recorded, I conclude that his facts agree Avith mine in all 



