LOCUSTS AND GRASSHOPPERS. 213 



considerable light on some of these names. The " palraerworm," 

 and the " cankemvorm " no doubt, as he says, mean the grub or 

 larv£e of certain kinds of locusts ; and I hope that this paper will 

 prove of advantage to those who study these critical points of the 

 natural history of Holy Scripture. 



I am much obliged to Dr. Walker for having brought the 

 subject before us. I never knew the origin of the word " locust " 

 before, but it is very clear now that it has been explained by the 

 learned author. 



Professor Logan Lobley. — I am glad that Professor Hull has 

 called attention to the difficulty arising from certain words that 

 are used in the modern versions of the Bible, whether the 

 Authorized or the Revised Version. We find such a word as 

 "jasper," for instance, which is used very often in the Bible, and 

 that evidently, from the context, means something transparent 

 and brilliant. Now we know that jasper is neither transparent nor 

 brilliant. It is really a most opaque form of quartz, and until 

 you put upon it a high polish it has no shine or lustre whatever ; 

 and yet the term "jasper" is used in the Bible to signify 

 something which is resplendent. That is an illustration of the 

 want of scientific knowledge on the part of the translators of the 

 Bible. That cannot be charged to them as a fault of course, for 

 they had not that scientific knowledge when the Bible was 

 translated which is common now, but still it is a warning to us 

 not to take everything we find in the present version of the Bible 

 jnst as we see it according to ordinary language now used. 

 We must remember that the ancients used language that was 

 appropriate to their knowledge, and that the language of the 

 Bible now is only appropriate to their knowledge so far as the 

 translators understood it. 



Mr. Martin Rouse. — I should like to say that having looked up 

 many of the Greek names of various stones, although I have not 

 the technical knowledge that Professor Hull possesses, I find that 

 jasper, or jaspis, is compared to grass by at least three authors 

 in the Greek classics, and ; so we find in the dictionaries ; and 

 therefore jaspis did convey to the mind something most restful, as 

 well as beautiful; and the appearance the stones forming the 

 foundation of the Holy City, and the light of it, are said to be 

 like jasper, that is to say a beautiful clear green, like sunlight 

 shining through the leaves of a spring day. That is the meaning of 



