XLVITI BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 
comparison of various little-known early records, partly in 
manuscript, with the traditions of different southwestern 
tribes. Among these are the following: 
1. The creation and migration tradition of the Navaho is 
notably accurate, especially as regards the chronologic 
sequence of events; and the advent of the ancestors of the 
Navaho in San Juan valley about the end of the fifteenth 
century is thereby established. 
2. The original Navaho were probably cliff dwellers, and 
the tribe appears not to be a ramification of the Apache, as 
hitherto supposed; it is probable that the Apache were already 
in the San Juan region as a numerous group of small tribes at 
the advent of the Athapascoid Navaho. 
3. The Apache were probably confined to limited areas in 
western New Mexico in the middle of the sixteenth century. 
4, The Navaho were composite even before the eighteenth 
century, when the tribe embodied remnants of the Athapascan, 
Tanoan, Keresan, Zunian, Shoshonean, Yuman, with perhaps 
other native stocks, in addition to a slight admixture of Aryan. 
The accession of at least one foreign clan produced a marked 
effect on the Navaho language. 
5. By reason of limited numbers, the Navaho and Apache 
did not molest the Pueblo tribes prior to the seventeenth 
century. 
6. The Navaho acquired flocks and herds through the 
Pueblos soon after 1542, whereby their mode of life was 
changed. 
7. The defensive character of at least the western pueblos 
anterior to 1680 was due apparently to intertribal broils. 
In general Mr Hodge’s researches indicate that with proper 
care Indian tradition may frequently be used in corroboration 
of historical records. In addition to his researches relating to 
southwestern tribes, Mr Hodge was occupied during a part of 
the month in revising proofs, indexing the Thirteenth Annual 
Report, and transmitting the Bureau publications. 
Work in mythology—Mrs Matilda C. Stevenson continued 
the arrangement of material for her report on the Zuni 
Indians, giving especial attention to the myths and cere- 
monials of the tribe. 
