XVI BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 
field of recognized relation constantly expanded, yet still more 
importantly the recognition of relation gradually became 
definite and approached nearer and nearer to the knower. 
Even within anthropology the same course has been extended; 
at first man was considered an animal, while the essentially 
human attributes were ignored; but gradually these attributes 
were recognized and combined under demonomy, or the great 
science of humanity, as set forth in the last report. In 
demonomy the relations recognized are numerous and com- 
plex, comprising as they do all those recognized in the earlier 
sciences, together with many others; yet it has been found 
inexpedient properly to define the races and peoples of the 
world, including the tribes of America, without analysis and 
synthesis of these relations. 
The multifarious relations of mankind, among each other 
and with the cosmos, are best expressed in terms. of activities, 
or activital products. On examining the activities, it is found 
that they are modified by time and conditions, i. e., that they 
are at once products and prototypes of development; and 
clear indications are found that they were originally adaptive 
and undifferentiated, though they are now purposive and fairly 
differentiated among the known peoples of the earth, especially 
the higher races. Although these activities are so closely 
interrelated as to be mterdependent (e. g., just as chemistry 
and geology are interdependent), they fall naturally into five 
categories; and each category may justly be regarded as con- 
stituting the object matter of a science. Accordingly, the 
great science of demonomy comprises five subsciences, each 
so comprehensive and important as to take rank with the older 
sciences. The five categories of activities may be character- 
ized briefly and in some measure provisionally : 
1. The primary activities, which root in vital processes, are 
connected with pleasurable sensations. They arise in a certain 
order; among known primitive peoples they appeal chiefly 
to the senses, and among more advanced peoples they appeal 
more largely to the emotions, fixed sentiments, and intellectual 
qualities; they mature in the fine arts or esthetics, primitive 
and advanced, which need not now be characterized in detail. 
The science of these activities has been more or less clearly 
