VI BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 
ACCOMPANYING PAPERS 
PRIMITIVE TREPHINING IN PERU, BY MANUEL ANTONIO MUNIZ AND W J MCGEE 
Page 
Summary statement (M. A. M.)...--..-----.----- ---- +--+ -22- +2222 --2- ++ 11 
Description and discussion of the Peruvian crania (WJ M.) ....-.----------- 14 
Mhercolbectlon ssa ee tetera ee ake eke ee eae lee aire eel eater 14 
Trephining in general. ~~ ~~. -- oe. ee nn en ooo oe nnn mnie 15 
Distributions -eeoeneeeele see seas eee ee ere esis eee eeiseere 15 
(QURESHI HNO)) oo 5555 cacos sees cOCeecinboD concoS Docs sbnecocSds os5096256 17 
Origin and development. ..---.-..---..--.------1 -------------------- 19 
WBN Cimhibk ha Oly oe a Seopa scce assaba cosons esen Sococss cose seescese 25 
Gommonwweat Ue eee eee aloe eae teats 25 
[Ome yan eit ee ep ess op Sb oooon Jon Hate ca bos boo rinnonooeSdesnesoce 26 
(Ch ceo cpa cosbeEainoSGne.coedco caasopohsa Ssodsocdusoccspedsageos 28 
(Ghehb 8) 55 copous SapSog nodeso Dodbon SoU DOSbSaoQSSoe aaa nsons0000 29 
(Che IIRO NE Soc oggacs cade saSceq qos ccs paso pecs eoS one pasos caas00g6 29 
(Ohpimten 5). chase pcasoo cosens emeeos cos Hon osos soseasSsecascsssesoss5 30 
(Garten 5S cme sO SemoOddon Sood ad 5605 6400 God ance CODE SHS meses ss5c 31 
(Chibi Wen (eo amog ppoSeosoreTo Rach cOUbCS oo sous Soo CeS HodssSSscsaensesa9 32 
(Gi@hiipton ey oo aS coco cosoceasaccesor cod osaces cososs sessuoseeasese 34 
(ObrhY) ome oHcocdoS BOOR OO DSS Ce OU DOUnbO CSOD TDD ce soDDeecSaqee ca00c0 35 
Oem MW) Seco camecacaoacdoS coe SosEoo Ss AONEsSsbedc cco0 Cate Sano aa0S 35 
(GhrmyM by INL ee peccE moon Coane Coopbooo tous beSecs Seon. SSen coos eG .C0g0 36 
(Qn oes scodoces Gnauneose0 Dodo DODO need poosee neSBeD cacdéaeceec 37 
(Ohm yatigbi 18) 55 oson Scooter cane SececcoccccHceces SseSnbS cess necsacess 38 
(COheApbiny aE ee Sa Segedaaceqos Sen OC0 Snea chee cons ssopso coogSacobamccaS 40 
(Ghyyinde als) Aoshi boo Osco SSooEene cnderS Sabo pognbe oDSd Gosoosodsecesacs 43 
Cranium 16eee-c-aeeec ola Rd bode DoogeoS Coa nas COO O DODS USD acabe4s0ns5 45 
Chem hrhn JE Seeman] case eae Sa6 DSOCaG COOOUS Ho SHoS Cobos eny Eso sOneS 47 
(Orphen ike} oo ao S45 6Sdcqcaccces SancS0 Oop OO cobs sacosQuesSdadece easaaos 49 
(Ohhh ne) So Se oo ean onaosscesecocdse coon GepeEo osdaco Bases osseesSce 52 
Method\of operating 2-22. - = 22 -)- nce enwelewieeerioe= -[em === = == 55 
Thee NbN Soo eos aaee cobs abeconEeesed Soonee Epbban coOOCoUSSo Eadeseseenen 58 
Procedure of the operators: --- 2... <5. <cc0c soseam ona wean = => ===) 61 
The motive for operating......-.----..-----..----- ------ «----- ---- - <= 63 
Generaliindicationsof motivier-mese eee see eat ee eal eee ell 63 
Special indications of motive. ..-...---..-2.------ 2.02 ---- ---- -=---~- 67 
Classification of Peruvian trephining.............----------------------- 71 
Significance of Peruvian trephining.........--------------- -eeeee------- 72 
CLIFF RUINS OF CANYON DE CHELLY, ARIZONA, BY COSMOS MINDELEFF 
Introduction: 2s oc.c-- eee eto eee eee eee eee ean e ae See eee see ee ceetae int 79 
History, and) literaturessess- eee sales ee eee ae enlace eee tint nro 79 
CG iyea tN Ws Sasos aso coscadasse saccge Seog cnoadocecs c6od coccSonosasospncac 82 
Classification and) descriptions: ces canta. e1cecis ole (lal= alae ieee lm leis == 89 
Ruins of the pueblo region.......... ..---------- e- 2206 eee = sooo = 2 = === 89 
I—Old villages on open Sites... --.. <2... 22-2 2-02 200 eee eon www e- 93 
ii—Home villaceson bottomlandseeesceecere ce sae cesta eee aie 94 
I1I—Home villages located for defense.....-.--.---.--------------------- 111 
IV—Cliff outlooks or farming shelters.............-.-------------------- 142 
007-110 ees ee eis esaetn Goce.cacomonecuoc akon pHoSoc 153 
