LXXXVIII BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 
when the reports of the explorers crossed the Atlantic. The 
field operations out of which this paper grew were made inde- 
pendently of the Bureau by an officer of the Peruvian gov- 
ernment; but the greater part of the study was carried forward 
in the Bureau, while the material studied becomes the property 
of the United States and is preserved in the National Museum. 
The second paper embodies the results of extended surveys 
in the northern part of the pueblo country. In this case the 
work in field and office was carried forward wholly in the 
Bureau, and the collections are preserved in the National 
Museum. The third paper finds its subject in Yucatan, a 
region of remarkable aboriginal culture, approaching that of 
Peru in advancement; the material studied comprises repro- 
ductions of autographic records preserved in several insti- 
tutions, mostly European. The fourth paper deals with a 
restricted area in the pueblo country; the field operations 
were performed at the cost of the Bureau, with the primary 
purpose of obtaining collections which are now public prop- 
erty and duly installed in the Museum. 
Classed with respect to the Caucasian invasion, and thus to 
the beginning of history and acculturation, three papers deal 
with the prehistoric; the fourth deals with an essentially abo- 
riginal ceremonial custom which has survived nearly three and 
a half centuries of contact with white men. Thus the time 
range covered by the papers is considerable. 
The memoir by Messrs Muniz and McGee deals with a 
primitive surgery and the instruments and facilities employed 
therein, and thus belongs to technology; at the same time, 
the discussion extends into the field of primitive ideas concern- 
ing the cause and cure of disease, and thus pertains also to 
sophiology. Mr Mindeleff’s memoir pertains primarily to the 
technology of the prehistoric peoples of the pueblos; yet inci- 
dentally it touches on the sociology and sophiology of the peo- 
ple as expressed in their handiwork. The brief paper by Dr 
Thomas embodies the results of researches concerning devices 
for graphic expression, and thus relates to one of the branches 
of philology. The preliminary memoir by Dr Fewkes deals 
primarily with the highly differentiated beliefs of a people 
