XCII BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 
that coastwise tribes are fishermen and hunters, that the tribes 
of the woodlands are primarily hunters and warriors, that the 
tribes of the prairies are hunters or farmers according to con- 
ditions, and that the tribes of the irrigable deserts are peaceful 
farmers, usually with predatory neighbors who are primarily 
hunters of mountain game; so that he who runs may read the 
patent fact that the industries of primitive men are shaped 
directly by environing conditions. Little additional study is 
required to show that the sports, games, decorations, portrait- 
ure, and other esthetic arts also reflect environment, since the 
sport mimics the industry, the gaming apparatus is of local 
origin and the gaming ideas run parallel to the industrial 
ideas engendered by daily association, the decoration is local 
in material and design, and the portraiture, howsoever crude, 
represents familiar things. So, too, comparatively little study 
is required to show that the institutions or laws and govern- 
ment of a primitive people reflect surroundings. On food- 
yielding coasts the families and tribes are organized for fishing, 
in the forests they are organized for the chase or for war, on 
the prairies they are organized for agriculture or for the hunt- 
ing of herbivores, in the valleys of the arid region they are 
organized for agriculture and for defense, and in the neighbor- 
ing mountains they are organized for predation and the chase. 
Thus the social organization is bound up with the industries 
and thereby with the local conditions so intimately that every 
step in institutional progress (e. g., the transition from clan 
organization to gentile organization) depends primarily on the 
habitat, with its distinctive conditions of soil, temperature, rain- 
fall, ete. More careful study is required to show that the 
language of each tribe reflects local conditions, for while it is 
plain that local objects and those alone require names, it is 
not so readily evident that the more complex ideas expressed 
in other parts of speech represent merely the compounding 
of local terms by intellectual methods growing out of modes of 
action themselves determined by environment; yet careful 
analysis shows this to be the case. The connection between 
environment and belief seems still more remote, yet recent 
researches show that the concept of the sun god arises under 
