MUNIZ—MC GEE] CHARACTER OF THE CRANIA 15 
5, Semimummified cranium from Huarochiri; operation by multiple 
rectilinear incision (plates X, XI). 
6. Fragmentary cranium from Huarochiri; operation by curvilinear 
incision (plate XI). 
7. Bleached cranium from Cuzco; two operations by curvilinear inci- 
sion (plates XIII-XV). 
8. Fragmentary cranium from Huarochiri; operation by cireular inci- 
sion (plate XVI). 
9, Slightly bleached cranium from Huarochiri; operation by curvi- 
linear incision and rasping (plates XVII, XVIIT). 
10. Ocher-stained cranium from Cuzco; operation by rasping or scrap- 
ing (plates XIX, XX). 
11. Bleached (distorted) cranium from Pachacamac; operation by 
curvilinear incision and rasping (plates XXI, XXII). 
12. Semimummified cranium from Cuzco; two operations, by curvi- 
linear incision and scraping, respectively (plates XXIII, XXIV). 
13. Weathered cranium from Cuzco; two operations, by(?) curvi- 
linear incision and rasping (plate xxv). 
14. Mummified cranium from Huarochiri; unfinished operation by 
compound incision (plates XXVIII, XXIX). 
15. Mummified cranium from Huarochiri; unfinished operation by 
compound incision and elevation (plates XXX-XXXII). 
16. Mummified cranium from Huarochiri; unfinished operations, by 
rectilinear incision and by rasping (plates XX XIII, XXXTV). 
17. Mummified cranium from Tarma; operation by rasping, with 
incomplete operations by incision (plates XXXV, XXXVI). 
18. Semimummified cranium from Cuzco; three operations, by (7?) 
curvilinear incision and rasping (plates XXXVII, XXX VIII). 
19. Semimummified cranium from Huarochiri; operation by incision 
and rasping, Supplemented by plate (plates XXXIX, XL). 
The crania are represented on the plates indicated by photo- 
mechanical (half-tone) reproductions from photographs, mostly by Hil- 
lers, with a few by Dinwiddie, on a scale reduced to two-thirds linear of 
the natural size. 
TREPHINING IN GENERAL 
DISTRIBUTION 
Trephining is a fairly common operation in modern surgery. Essen- 
tially it consists in the removal of a small section from one of the bones 
of the skull, usually in the form of a circular button or rondelle. Ordi- 
narily the operation is performed by means of a trephine, or annular 
saw, supplemented by a few other instruments of simple character, 
ineluding elevators, stout forceps, etc, together with the usual appli- 
ances for making and closing the attendant incisions in the scalp. In 
some cases the button is restored, either entire or broken up; in other 
