MUNIZ— MC GEE] OPERATION BY MULTIPLE INCISION 31 
of the collection, ranging from 24 to 55 mm. about the single exten- 
sive aperture. There are three distinct interparietal bones, one 25 mm. 
across, the other smaller. 
The operation represented by the specimen was performed on the 
right side of the frontal bone, extending from the median line to the 
coronal suture, passing about 30 mm. above the orbit. It was per- 
formed by means of a number of rectilinear incisions of the usual 
V-shape section and attenuated termini. While somewhat random in 
distribution, the outer incisions cross at large angles, describing a 
somewhat irregular polygon. In addition to those made about the 
aperture, there are others extending over to the left side of the frontal 
bone, indicating far-reaching exploratory and tentative cutting on the 
part of the operator; and a series of shallow scratches extends back- 
ward from the lateral extremity of the aperture for 25 mm. on the left 
parietal. Including the minor scratches, there were at least twenty 
ditferent incisious, nearly all penetrating the outer table, with at least 
four or five penetrating the inner table, in some cases so far as evi- 
deutly to penetrate also the dura mater. It would appear that, after 
this hacking of the skull, the operator raised the included fragment or 
fragments, probably in several pieces, by means of elevators, producing 
an aperture fully 65 mm. long by 33 mm. in maximum, and some 24 mm. 
in average width. There was no final smoothing of sharp edges; and 
naturally there is no indication of subsequent reparative process. 
In this case, as in the last, there is a lack of conclusive evidence as 
to whether the operation was late ante-mortem or early post-mortem, 
though not only the abandonment of the operation and the nature of 
the wound produced thereby, but a decided local staining of the skull 
and absence of soft tissues, bringing to mind the interpretation by the 
Peruvian commission of the fatal wounding recorded in the cranium of 
Pizarro,' suggest that the instrumentation was ante-mortem and fatal in 
its results. There is no unmistakable trace of lesion other than the 
slashes of the rude instrument with which the operation was performed, 
unless it be an irregular scar or sinuous scratch, about 1 mm. broad and 
half as deep, skirting the right supraorbital ridge to the median line, and 
thence wandering upward and toward the left to a point 30 mm. above 
the center of the left orbit, which on the whole seems to be post-mortem. 
It may be observed that both these cases show that it could not have 
been the design of the operator to obtain a button or rondelle, since the 
incisions were so placed as to divide the extracted piece into fragments, 
CRANIUM 6 
(Plate XII) 
This fragmentary specimen is a well-preserved right parietal bone of 
a relatively thin cranium, measuring 34 to 44 mm. about the single 
‘The Remains of Don Francisco Pizarro,’ American Anthropologist, vol. vii, 1894, pp. 1-25, espe- 
cially p. 7. 
