102 THE CLIFF RUINS OF CANYON DE CHELLY [ETH. ANN, 16 
quite an extensive village. It was located on a slight slope or raised 
place next the cliffs and overhung by them, A stone dropped from the 
top of the cliffs would fall 45 or 50 feet out from their base. There are 
remains of three kivas. The central one, which was 12 feet in diameter, 
still shows nearly all its periphery, and the wall is in one place 3 feet 
high. The western kiva is now almost obliterated, but it can still be 
made out, and shows a diameter of 15 feet. It is 50 feet west of the 
central kiva and on a level about 8 feet below it, being only about 3 
feet above the bottom land. East of the central kiva, and between it 
and a large bowlder, there was another, of which only a part now 
remains. 
North of the central kiva, and extending nearly to the elitf behind, 
there are remains of rooms. One corner is still standing to a height of 
3 to 4 feet. The western wall was smoothly plastered outside and was 
pierced by a narrow notched doorway. ‘The northern wall has an open- 
ing still intact, shown in plate Lv111; it is 2 feet high and 14 inches wide, 
with a lintel composed of six small sticks about an inch in diameter, 
laid side by side. The sticks are surmounted by a flat stone, very 
roughly shaped and separated from them by an inch of mud plaster or 
mortar. The masonry is exceptionally well executed, that of the north- 
ern wall being composed of large stones carefully chinked and rubbed 
down. The chinking appears to have been carried through in bands, 
producing a decorative effect, resembling some of the masonry of the 
Chacoruins. The western wallis composed of, larger stones laid up more 
roughly with less chinking, and appears to have been a later addition. 
On the back wall of the cave are marks of walls showing a number of 
additional rooms, and there is no doubt that at one time there was 
quite an extensive settlement here. 
Around the corner from the last example, as it were (at the point 
marked 4 on the map), and at the mouth of a little canyon that opens 
out from the head of the cove, the ruin shown in plate XLVI occurs. 
The village was located on the canyon bottom, in a shallow cove hardly 
25 feet deep, but the view over the bottom is almost closed by a large 
sand dune, bare on top and but scantily covered on the sides with grass 
and weeds. Were it not for this dune, the site of the ruin would 
command one of the best areas of cultivable land in the canyon, but 
apparently an extensive outlook was not a desideratum. The slight 
elevation of the site above the level of the bottom lands is shown in 
the illustration. 
The village was not a large one, having been occupied probably by 
only two families, yet there are traces of two kivas. That on the west 
is so far obliterated that its outline can be made out only with diffi- 
culty. That on the east still shows a part of its wall to a height of 
ahout a foot. The plan, figure 11, shows the general arrangement. 
Some of the walls are still standing to a height of 2 or 3 feet, and at 
the eastern end of the ruin there is a room with walls 6 feet high. More 
than the usual amount of mud mortar was used in the construction of 
