114 THE CLIFF RUINS OF CANYON DE CHELLY [ern any.16 
the cliff wall at the place where the roof abutted on it. Here the wash 
of clay before mentioned was necessarily omitted. In the first room 
there is a pictograph of a man, in the second a semicircle, both done in 
light-green paint. 
The lower part of the outer corner of the tower has fallen out. At 
this point there was a small doorway or opening, which was the only 
entrance on the south or east. The corner which has fallen was appar- 
ently supported by three or four sticks laid horizontally on the rock at 
an angle of 45 degrees with either wall. The giving way of the timber 
support apparently caused the fall of the corner, but why a structure 
otherwise so substantial should be placed on such frail support, when 
a filling of masonry was both easy and practicable, is not clear. 
The doorway mentioned is the only opening into the ground-floor 
room in the tower. Connection with the rooms on the west was through 
alarge doorway in the western wall of the second story, and in the story 
above there was a similar opening. These are shown in plate XLVI, 
which is a general view of the central portion of the eastern cove. 
The lintels of the openings in the central part are formed of round 
sticks, about 3 inches in diameter, matched, and bound together with 
withes. These withes may be seen in places where the mud plaster 
has fallen away. The stick lintels occur only in the central portion; 
the windows and doorways of the other portions of the ruin, some fine 
examples of which remain, are always finished with stone lintels and 
sometimes with stone jambs. 
A little east of the center of the front wall there is a large rock, or 
rather a pile of large rocks, near the outer edge of the ledge. This is 
shown in the illustration. Instead of removing this obstruction the 
wall was built under and overit. Near the western end of the front wall 
there is a large doorway or opening. Access to the western cove was 
along the narrow edge of the ledge under the front wall, thence through 
this doorway. The doorway gave entrance to a very narrow space, less 
than 4 feet square, surrounded by a heavy wall with a doorway through 
the left or western wall into the last apartment of the series. Through 
the western wall of this apartment a doorway opened on the end of the 
ledge and the western cove. This principal entrance is shown in plate 
XLVI. Its size is exceptional, it being about 6 feet high. A little 
below the top there is a single stick across it, and a similar contrivance 
was found in place in the openings in the tower, but it does not occur 
in the opening in the cross wall. The same feature is found in the 
modern pueblos, where the stick forms the support of a blanket draped 
to close the opening. 
A little east of the doorway in the front wall there is a small opening 
near the ground, through which can be seen what appears to be a roof. 
It is but 2 feet above the ground, however, and very roughly con- 
structed. It consists of a layer of cedar logs; above this a layer of 
small sticks, and above this again slabs of stone and mud. It occurs 
