142 THE CLIFF RUINS OF CANYON DE CHELLY © [£TH. ann. 16 
benched nearly all around its interior, and the outside inclosing wall, 
on the east, apparently follows the curve. An example in which this 
feature occurs has been mentioned above (page 138), It is very rare, 
but in this case the evidence is clearer than in the one previously 
described. The western kiva, somewhat smaller than the other, was 
also benched, and had an exterior shaft, like those mentioned above and 
later described at length. 
Figure 45 is a plan of a small ruin of the same type, which oceurs 
in the middle region of De Chelly. It oceupies the site marked 34 
on the map, and is situated in a niche in a deep cove, where the out- 
look is almost completely obscured by a large sand dune in front of 
it. It comprised one circular kiva and four rectangular rooms, but, 
contrary to the usual result, the latter are fairly well preserved, while 
the former is almost completely obliterated. This may be due to the 
use of the rectangular rooms as sites for Navaho burial cists, of 
which there are no fewer than six here, and possibly the kiva walls 
furnished the necessary building material for the construction of the, 
cists. The old masonry is of guod quality, the outside wall being 

Fic. 45—Ground plan of ruin No, 34. 
formed of selected stones of medium size, well laid and carefully 
chinked. Most of the walls were plastered inside. In a cleft in the 
rock to the right of this ruin there is a kind of cave, with foot-holes 
leading up the rock to it, and quite difficult of access. It formerly 
may have been used for storage, but at present contains only some 
remains of Navaho burials. 
IV—CLIFF OUTLOOKS OR FARMING SHELTERS 
Ruins comprised in the class of cliff outlooks, or farming shelters, 
are by far the most numerous in the canyon. They were located on 
various kinds of sites, but always with reference to some area of culti- 
vable Jand which they overlooked, and seldom, if ever, was the site 
selected under the influence of the defensive motive. It is not to be 
understood that such motive was wholly absent; it may have been 
present in some cases, but the dominating motive was always conven- 
ience to some adjacent area of cultivable land. 
