152 THE CLIFF RUINS OF CANYON DE CHELLY _ [etn.ayn.16 
site, plan, and masonry are all anomalous. Figure 64 shows an example, 
however, closely resembling the one described in these features, and 
figure 65 shows another. Altogether there are four or five examples, 
distributed over a considerable area. 
Somewhat similar wall remains are seen in places on the canyon 
bottom, where they are always of modern Navaho origin, and it is 
quite possible that the ruins above mentioned should be placed in the 
same category. It will be noticed that in the plan the doorway or 
entrance opening is on the eastern side—an invariable requirement of 
Navaho house constructions; but it is only within recent times that the 
Navaho have constructed permanent, rectangular abodes, and eyen 
now such houses are rarely built. It is difficult to understand, more- 
over, why recourse should be had to such inconvenient sites, if the 
structures are of Navaho origin, as these Indians always locate their 
hogans on the bottoia lands, or on some slight rise overlooking them. 
Distributed throughout the canyons, wherever a favorable situation 
could be found, there are a great number of sites resembling those of 

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Fic. 65—Single-room remains. 
the cliff outlooks, but showing now no standing wall. There is always 
some evidence of human occupancy, often many pictographs on the 
back wall, as in an example in the lower part of the canyon shown in 
plate Lv. This occurs at point 2 on the map, in a cove perhaps 100 
feet across, with caves on the northern and southern sides. 
In the southern cave there are no traces of masonry, but the back of 
the cave is covered with hand prints and pictographs of deer, as shown 
in the plate. In the northern cave there are traces of walls. Many of 
the sites do not show the faintest trace of house structures; some of 
them have remains of storage cists, and many have remains of Navaho 
burial cists, associated with pictographs not of Navaho origin. Some 
idea of the number and distribution of these sites may be obtained from 
the following list, wherein the numbers represent the location shown 
on the detailed map: 2, 8, 9, 11, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 30, 38, 39, 40, 
2,43, 53, 54, 57, and 66—in all 21 sites which occur between the mouth 
