184 THE CLIFF RUINS OF CANYON DE CHELLY  [(©1H. ayy. 16 
The top of the tunnel is on the level of the top of the bench, as 
shown in figure 81, which is a vertical section. An inspection of the 
plan will show that the circular wall of the kiva is complete and that 
the inclosing rectangular wall was added later. The shaft was builtat 
a still later period, and the line or junction marking its inner surface 
shows plainty in the interior of the tunnel. The general view of the 
ruin (plate L1) shows the exterior of the shaft, and the horizontal timbers 
on which the masonry is supported are shown in plate LI. 
In front of the tunnel a flat piece of stone was placed on the floor, 
and in front of this again, about 2 feet from the mouth of the tunnel, 
there was an upright mass of masonry composed of stone and mud, and 
forming a curtain or screen 
before the opening. The 
original height of this strue- 
ture was the same as that of 
the interior bench, 
The inner surface of the 
rectangular inclosing wall is 
marked by a line in the in- 
terior of the tunnel. Inside 
x of this line, toward the cen- 
~ ter of the kiva, the stones 
composing the wallare large; 
outside of it they are small. 
The interior plastering of 
the kiva is not smoke-black- 
ened, but the coat next the 
surface is stained, as is also 
the third coat underneath. 
The interior of the tunnel is 
not much smoke-blackened, 
but it appears probable that 
part of its roof fell while the 

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SQN lisp SAR AMA ARE 
ee Sa Sgey structure was still in use, as 
(4 Saace all re are i r of Ii 
SS there are a number of little 
cavities in the masonry 
above its roof level filled 
with soot. A similar effect might result from leaks or cavities between 
the flat roofing stones. In excavating the tunnel a number of large 
lumps of clay were found in it, and there is no doubt that they formed 
part of the roof. Some of these had considerable quantities of grass 
mixed into them or stuck to the clay on one side. Apparently dry 
grass was used in the construction. <A large fire could not have been 
built within the tunnel. 
The principal kiva in Mummy Cave ruin has an elaborate structure 
of the kind under discussion. Figure 82 shows a plan of this kiva, of 
which a general view has already been given (figure 75). The bench 
Fic. 80—Plan of chimney-like structure in ruin No. 16. 
