280 TUSAYAN SNAKE CEREMONIES (ETH. ANN. 16 
of meal on a layer of valley sand, which had been evenly sprinkled on 
the roof of the kiva. When I entered the Antelope kiva, I found 
eleven priests assembled there, all engaged in making pahos and all 
with red feathers in their hair, Traces of meal, which had been 
sprinkled by the priests, were seen on the colored sands of the altar; 
this was probably an evidence that songs had been sung about it the 
night before, as | was told had been the case, but was not present. 
All the pahos, with certain exceptions to be noted, were of the length 
of the middle finger, and were painted green, with red points. Each 
paho was composed of two sticks, one of which, called the female, had 
a facet at one end. These pahos were tied midway of their length, and 
to them were attached two herbs, called kurnyit and mdéabe. When I 
called the attention of the priests to the fact that at Walpi pamnabi 
was:used instead of mdabe, they replied that both were equally effica- 
cious, and had the same intent. In addition to the green pahos, others, 
painted black, were similarly employed. The pipe-lighter, who, while 
not the chief, was most communicative, explained the signification of 
the offerings he made. They were as follows: 
1. A black paho. 
2. A double-stick green paho or cakwapaho, with six attached na- 
kwakwoei. 
3. A green paho with green points. 
4, A green paho with black points. 
5. Five white-feathered nakwdkawocis. 
It will be noted that the green pahos were of the length of the middle 
finger, which is very different from the plumed sticks made by the 
Antelopes at Walpi on the day before the Snake dance, for on that 
day the Walpians make a paho the length of the last two joints of the 
same finger. On interrogating the priests, I discovered that the Walpi 
rule was not carried out in Cipaulovi, and that there was no variation 
in the length of the paho. 
We have seen how tardy the chief was in making the Antelope altar, 
and consequently it is apparent why the seven pahos of different 
lengths could not be made, for the sixteen-song celebration was cur- 
tailed in the number of presentations, and its equivalent performed 
only once or twice. 
About noon there were brought into the kiva stalks of corn and 
vines of the bean, cantaloupe, watermelon, and of certain unknown 
plants. These were done up with yucea thread in two wads or bundles 
and placed on the altar, after which the man who tied them together 
smoked on them for some time and then placed the bundles back of 
the altar. These bundles were carried in the mouth of the participant 
in the Antelope dance, which, in Cipaulovi as at the other pueblos, 
occurred at sunset of this day (totokya). 
At the close of the paho making, at about 1.350 p.m., a young man 
was given a paho, the netted gourd, and an ear of corn. He donned a 
