284 TUSAYAN SNAKE CEREMONIES [ETH. ANN. 16 
torun up the hill to the town. They carried cornstalks, melons, and 
other objects, and many of them wore small ceremonial kilts and had 
their bodies decorated with various pigments, As they approached 
the houses men and women from the spectators ran down to meet them, 
and, when possible, seized the objects which the children bore. This 
afforded much pleasure and amusement, and closely resembled what 
has elsewhere been described in connection with similar races. 
Directly after them came a man personating a warrior. He wore a 
white kilt and an antelope skin, and at intervals twirled a bullroarer or 
whizzer. He, unlike the winner in the race, returned to the kiva accom- 
panied by all the other Antelope priests. They sat in a circle about the 
fireplace, smoking and exchanging terms of relationship. After all had 
smoked, beginning with the chief and ending with the pipe-lighter, each 
man took a pinch of ashes in his hand and remained silent, squatting 
on the floor. One of their number sang in a low tone, and as it contin- 
ued each man turned his hand about his head several times in a 
circular pass, Spat on the ashes, which he then cast out of the hateh. 
Immediately afterward a bundle of dried roots was passed about, each 
priest nibbling a little thereof, after which he spat on his hands and 
rubbed them over his chest. This ceremony was purificatory in nature. 
Many pahos were still in the basket trays, and when the winning 
racer approached, the Antelope chief came out of the kiva and pre- 
sented one of these tohim. At the termination of the race, the warrior! 
bearing the crook deposited the feather, which he wore in his hair, on 
the Antelope altar. 
THE SNAKE DANCE 
The Snake dance at Cipaulovi, as in all the other Tusayan pueblos, 
took place just before sunset; it was well attended by people from 
the other villages, and included the four Americans in my party. The 
dance itself was almost identical with that at Walpi, although much 
smaller in the number of participants. 
There were fifteen Antelope and thirteen Snake priests. When the 
time arrived for the dance, the chief of the Antelopes, who had been 
dressing in their kiva, went to the hatch of the Snake kiva and asked 
the Snake chief if he were ready. Immediately after his return, the 
Antelope priests filed out of their chamber into the plaza where the 
kisi had been erected. Their chief carried his badge of office, or tipont, 
and he was followed by a priest holding in both hands a medicine bowl 
and aspergill. This man, however, did not, as in other Snake dances, 
wear a garland of cottonwood leaves, nor did he cry out the mystic 
words, ‘‘ Tcamahia,” ete., which formed such a conspicuous feature in 
the Walpi ceremony. There was likewise no personification of a 
warrior (kalektaka) bearing the whizzer or bullroarer. 


1 This was the man who stood at one of the goals in the race. 
