DIFFERENCES IN ACCESSORIES 
GENERAL REMARKS 
The most striking differences in such events as were witnessed in the 
Snake dance presentations thus far recorded have been noted in the 
preceding pages. None of them are of sufficient importance to indicate 
more than local modifications. The strong likenesses which one cere- 
mony bears to the other indicate the same cult and a common origin. 
It would, I believe, be a little short of puerile to ascribe the Snake 
ceremonials in the different Tusayan pueblos to independent evolutions, 
so close are their similarities in details and so definite are the legends of 
their common origin. There is, however, an aspect of the study of Snake 
dances among other pueblos which merits more serious attention, to the 
intelligent discussion of which exact data on the Tusayan variants may 
be of value. From a study of the amount of variation in the same rite 
in these five pueblos, we may obtain a knowledge of the limits of variants 
which will be of service in comparative studies. 
The following are some of the features in the Snake ceremonies which, 
I am told, did not oceur at Oraibi! and Cipaulovi: 
I. The singing of a series of sixteen songs on the first four days. 
II. The personification of the bear and puma, and accompanying 
rites. 
III. Ceremonial mixing of Snake medicine. 
As there was no Snake altar at Oraibi, Cipaulovi, or Cunopavi, the 
reptiles were not thrown across the room, but simply dried on the sand, 
as at Sia. 
Both at Oraibi and Cipaulovi, pahos of different lengths correspond- 
ing to different days and distance of shrines were not made, and as this 
is a prominent feature in the Walpi variant, its absence has profoundly 
modified the attendant rites at the other villages, imparting to them 
many modifications. 
PAHOS 
Most of the pahos or prayer-sticks made at Cipaulovi on the day 
before the Snake dance were of the length of the middle finger, while 
at Walpi they are of the length of the ultimate joint. One of the com- 
ponent sticks has a flat facet, whereas at Walpi neither hasa face. The 
stick with a facet upon it is the female; the other, the male. 

Mr H. R. Voth has made elaborate studies of the secret rites of the Oraibi Snake dance, from 
beginning to end. His observations, when published, will no doubt throw a flood of light on the 
unknown portions of the ceremonial. 
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